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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Addictive behavior |
Behavior based on pathological need for substance or activity |
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Lifetime prevalence in US is |
13.4% |
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Percentage of alcohol abusers who suffer from at least one coexisting mental disorder |
37%
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Higher levels of alcohol Lower levels of alcohol |
depresses brain functioning
stimulates certain brain cells and activates brain’s “pleasure areas” |
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Korsakoff syndrome/alcohol amnestic disorder |
Results from a thiamine deficiency. Can't remember or learn new things |
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Clinical picture of alcohol-related disorders |
Liver cirrhosis, stomach pain, malnutrition |
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Symptoms of alcoholism |
Chronic fatigue, oversensitivity, depression, impaired reasoning, personality deterioration |
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Causes |
Genetics (25% chance a child will get it if parent had it) |
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Reciprocal influences model |
adolescents drink expecting an increase in popularity and social acceptance so social benefits increase the lielihood of drinking |
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Tension reduction-model |
people with high levels of trauma drink to destress |
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mesocoriticolimbic pathway |
Reward pathway; a dopaminergic pathway Connects the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. VTA ---> NI ---> prefrontal cortex |
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what receptors are effected by alcohol? |
glutamate receptors (leads to impaired judgement) |
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sociocultural factors |
religion, geographic location |
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biological treatment approaches of alcohol-related disorders |
medications to block desire to drink, medications to lower side effects of acute withdrawal, benzodiazapines/tranquilizers |
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psychological treatment approaches of alcohol-related disorders |
group therapy, environment intervention, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy |
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other approaches to alcoholism treatments |
groups like AA, "Project MATCH" successful, motivational enhancement therapy success, relapse prevention programs |
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barbiturates (sedatives) |
Central nervous system depressants. Similar to depressant effects of alcohol.
Once widely used to induce sleep.
Withdrawal key to treatment issue. |
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hallucinogens |
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, ecstasy Cause individual to see or hear things indifferent and unusual ways |
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narcotics |
opioids, morphine, heroin |
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Opium and Its Derivatives (Narcotics) effects |
Immediate effects: alleviation of physical pain, relaxation and pleasant reverie, alleviation of anxiety and tension, euphoric spasm, endorphin release Long term effects: physiological craving, withdrawal, gradual deterioration of well-being |
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antisocial personality disorder has a high... |
use of heroin use |
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drug that treats withdrawal from heroin |
methadone |
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cocaine and amphetamines |
increase feelings of alertness and confidence, decrease feelings of fatigue |
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long-term amphetamine use |
psychologically and physically addictive, may result in brain damage and psychopathology |
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methamphetamine |
Increases level of dopamine in brain Known by some as "poor people's cocaine" Structural changes in brain with prolonged use; resistant to treatment; relapse common Ephedrine (from cough syrup) with chemicals such as battery acid, drain cleaner, lantern fuel, antifreeze, brake cleaner, engine starter, rubbing alcohol, batteries, and fertilizer. |
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barbiturates (sedatives) |
CNS depressants that are similar to depressant effects of alcohol Once widely used to induce sleep Dependence ---> lethal overdoses |
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barbiturate users and withdrawal |
usually middle aged |
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bath salts |
can induce hallucinations |
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marijuana |
classified as mild hallucinogen Increases euphoria deteriorates white matter in brain can leave a person serotonin depleted for 9 months w/ chronic use users 4x more likely to develop schizophrenia |
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stimulents: caffeine and nicotine |
easy to abuse, readily available, addictive, difficult to quit, withdrawal, health problems and side effects |
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pathological gambling |
similar to chemical addiction in many ways personality factors, problem to treat |
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alcohol withdrawal delirium |
slight noises or suddenly moving objects may cause considerable excitement and agitation disorientation for time and place, vivid hallucinations (esp of small, moving animals), acute fear, extreme suggestibility, tremors, perspiration, fever, rapid and weak heartbeat, coated tongue and foul breath. |
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mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP) |
center of psychoactive drug activation in the brain involved in control of emotions, memory and gratification |
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ecstasy |
Hallucinogen and stimulant
Chemically similar to methamphetamine |
