Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the job of the nervous system? |
- it integrates information - homeostatis |
|
|
What are the 3 divisions of the nervous system? |
1. Central nervous system (CNS) 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 3. Enteric Nervous system (ENS) |
|
|
Whats the differences in the 3 divisions of the nervous systems? |
1. CNS: Mainly brain and spinal chord 2. PNS: Spinal nervous 3. ENS: Digestive track |
|
|
Whats a neuron comprised of? |
- Axon (made of high [] of Na channels) - Dendrites - Mylination (fat cells around the axon) |
|
|
Whats the differences between afferent and efferent? |
Afferent: Sensory information going to brain Efferent: Information going out of the body |
|
|
What are the neuroglia's of the CNS |
Astrocyte, Ependymal, microglial and oligodendrocyte |
|
|
Astrocyte? |
Blood brain barrier |
|
|
Ependymal? |
Located in ventricles of brain (air pockets) |
|
|
Microglial? |
Type of WBC (floats to get rid of anything) |
|
|
What are the neuroglia's of PNS? |
Satilite, Schwwan, Grey matter, white matter, afferent and efferent |
|
|
Satillite? |
Protection cell |
|
|
Schwwan? |
Making mylination |
|
|
Grey matter? |
Unmylinated axon cell body and dendrite |
|
|
White matter? |
Packed myelinated axon |
|
|
Afferent? |
Sensory neurons |
|
|
Efferent? |
Somatic motor nerves that innervate skeletal muscle and automatic nervous system |
|
|
Parasympathetic? |
Slows things down (quiets) |
|
|
Sympathetic? |
Speeds up things |
|
|
What happens when their are changes to the extracellular fluid? |
- Increase K gets rid of diffusion gradient - Move in positive direction towards depolarizations - Decrease K in extracelluar fluid causes increases in diffusion gradient - inside becomes more negative causing hyperpolarization |
|
|
Whats an axon hitlock? |
Increased Na voltage gated channel |
|
|
What happens during graded potential? |
- Intial Na that enter via ligand gated Na channels - If it never hits the threshold, the Na dissipates (Na/K pump) and the nerve doesn't pass on the message - Summate the stimulation by increasing frequency of stimulus and the amount Na (ligand) |
|
|
Whats the differences between depolarization and hyperpolarization? |
Dep: Act on Na channels Hype: Act on K channels |
|
|
T/F - Is all action potential the same? |
True |
|
|
What are the 5 stages of resting potential? |
1. Rests at -70milivolts 2. Graded potential (IF hits threshold) 3. Voltage gated Na channels open (depolarizes cell) 4. Na gates close, K voltage gates open 5. Repolarizing of the cell |
|
|
What does unmylinated nerves do? |
Continous conduction |
|
|
Mylinated nerves? |
Saltatory conduction jumping from node to node and nodes of ranvier with high [] voltage gated Na channels |
|
|
What happens during the rate of action potential propagation? |
1. Unmylinated vs Mylinated 2. Diameter of axon (bigger=faster) 3. Sizes/speed |
|
|
What are the 3 types of sizes/speeds? |
TypeA: Large diameter, mylinated motor (somatic)/ sensory neurons TypeB: Medium diameter, mylinated automonic nerves system TypeC: Small diameter, unmylinated ANS |
|
|
What are interruptions in the myelin sheath? |
Nodes of ranvier |
|
|
What is a synapse |
Transfer of information |
|
|
What are the two types of synapses? |
1. Chemical 2. Electrical |
|
|
What are the 4 different types of neurotransmitters? |
- Acetylcholine (ACT) - Nonrepinephrine - Seratonin - Dopamine |
|
|
Whats the different types of receptors? |
- Postsynaptic and Presynaptic |
|
|
Whats the difference in the post and pre receptors? |
Post: Ligand based with Na, K and Cl Pre: Known for "off switch" or trigger further release (neurotransmitter can regulate its own release) |
|
|
What are enzymes responsible for? |
Destroying neurotransmitters and acts as an off switch |
|
|
Whats a neuronmodulator? |
Regulates release/reputake of NT from axon downstream |
|
|
What are the two types of summation? |
1. Temperal 2. Spatial |
|
|
Whats the differences in temporal and spatial summation? |
Temp: Coming out at different times Spatial: Coming to the same space out the same time |
|
|
What are the two classification of pathways? |
1. Convergent 2. Divergent |
|
|
Whats a refactory period? |
When action potential is produced at a given point on the plasma membrane, the sensitivity of that area to further stimulation decreases for a period of time |
