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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stability |
head control, upright posture |
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Locomotion |
crawling, creeping, walking |
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Manipulation |
reaching, grasping, releasing |
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Cephalocaudal |
pattern of development -head control -upper body control -lower body control |
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Stability-Head Control |
-voluntary movements begin at the head -control is evident by the end of the 1st month -month 2: infant elevates head when prone (belly) -months 2-3: infant positions head from left to right or right to left when prone -Month 5: infant elevates head when supine |
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Stability-Body Control |
-chest elevation -segmented rolling back to front (vice versa) -crawling -ability to maintain upright posture frees the hands and arms for reaching and grasping |
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Stability/Body Control |
3 months- rolling and maintaining sitting position -5 months-sits while holding an object -6 months-rolls back to front -7 months-achieves sitting position -8 months- sits alone -9-11 months-pulls to standing position 12 months-stands alone |
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Locomotion |
evolves from children gaining the ability to position their bodies for movement from one location in space to another |
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Crawling |
-precedes creeping -inefficient arm and leg movements -body is dragged |
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Creeping |
-more efficient form of movement -body is elevated, makes movement easier |
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Walking |
-the culmination of the acquisition of voluntary movement -the muscles responding to cortical and subcortical stimulation &/or inhibition -there is little evidence demonstrating that early walking will accelerate or refine future skill performance |
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Locomotion Upright |
7 months- crawls with elevated trunk, little forward movement -7-8months- crawls -9-12 months- creeping upstairs 8 months- walks with assistance 10 months- walks laterally around furniture -11 months- walks when led -12 months- walks unassisted |
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Manipulating reaching/grasping/release |
Phase 1: -stimultaneous reaching -one handed -visual initiation -visual control of grasp Pase 2: -reaching vs grasping -two handed -visual with guidance -tactical control of grasp |
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Anticipation and Object Control in Reaching and Grasping |
-By 18 months, infants exhibit anticipation -Given the same object, repeatedly, infants display awareness that an object weighs the same -anticipation is not always accurate -expects unknown long object to weigh more that short object -anticipation and strength of grip develop over several years (2 years to 9 years) |
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Bimanual Control |
-complementary use of two hands to achieve a goal (receiving toys) is evident at 6-8 months -walking and two handing reaching are connected walk=increase in 2 handed reaching better walker=decreased two handed reaching |
