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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three function of the nervous system |
sensory input; integration; motor output |
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How is the nervous system organized? |
-Broken into the CNS(brain and spinal cord) and PNS(nerves extending from brain and spinal cord); -PNS divided into sensory(afferent) division which is nerve fibers that convey impulses to CNS and motor(efferent) division that carry away impulses that tell muscles to contract and glands to secrete -Motor division divided into somatic/voluntary(skeletal muscles) and autonomic/involuntary(digestive track, heart ect.) |
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Two principal cell types |
supporting cells(neuroglia-mitotic) and neurons |
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Name and describe the six types of neuroglia |
1. astrocytes(CNS)-star cells; most abundant; support and brace neurons and anchor to nutrient supply line 2. microglia(CNS)-small; thorny; monitor neuron health; migrate to cells in trouble; macrophage 3. ependymal cells(CNS) wrapping; line cavities of brain and spinal cord 4. oligodendrocytes(CNS)-branch; lines up along nerve fibers and wrap processes around fibers; makes myelin sheath 5. Schwann cells(PNS)-surround nerve fibers and form myelin sheath around thicker nerve fibers; vital to regeneration of damaged CN fibers 6. Satellite cells(PNS)-surround cell bodies in PNS |
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Glioma |
tumor arising from neroglia ex: astrocytoma |
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Neurons |
functional cells of nervous system; transmit nerve impulses, coded info that allows for communication; amoitic; high metabolic rate
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Name and describe the two types of neron processes |
1. Dendrites-short highly branched; receptive or input regions; conduct electric signals to cell body 2. Axon; only one per neuron; at end numerous axon terminals; some myelinated(insulates nerve fiber; increase rate of nerve impulse conduction) |
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Name and describe the three structural classifications of neurons |
1. Multipolar-many dendrites and one axon; most common; major in CNS 2. Bipolar-two processes extend from cell body; one is fused dendrite, other is an axon; rare; found in special sensory organs (nose, eye, ear) 3. Unipolar-one process extend from cell body and form central and periphreal process, compromise an axon; found mainly in PNS; cammon in dorsal rool ganglia of spinal cord |
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Nucliei |
cell bodies in CNS |
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Ganglia |
nerves in PNS |
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Tracts |
bundles of neurons in CNS |
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Nerves |
bundles of neurons processes in PNS |
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White matter |
fiber tracks |
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Grey matter |
nerve cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers |
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Name and describe the two types of active protein channels important to nerve impulse conduction |
Chemically gated channels-binding of neurotransmitter opens up to let protein through
Voltage gated channels-opens due to stimulus response i.e. sound, insect bite ect
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Depolarization |
inside of membrane becomes less negative |
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Hyperpolarization |
inside of membrane becomes more negative |
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Repolarization |
return to resting potential |
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Myelin Sheath |
in the PNS; formed by Schwann cells; spaces in-between called nodes of Ranvier; increases rate of impulse conduction |
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Multiple sclerosis |
gradual destruction of myelin sheath by body's immune system; weakness pararlysis; |
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Electrical synapes |
two communicating cells tied together by membrane proteins with gap junctions |
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Chemical synapes |
send and receive neurotransmitters(chemical messages) |
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Components of chemical synapes |
presynaptic neuron; postsynaptic neuron; synaptic cleft |
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Neuroblasts |
cells of nervous system |
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Neuroblastomoa |
malignat tumor of embryonic neuron; occurs in children; most common cancer in infancy |
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Neuropathies |
disease of nervous tissue; used for degenerative diseases of nerves |
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Neurotoxins |
compounds that poison or destroy nerve tissue ex: botulism |
