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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absence seizures
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minor form of seizure, momentary loss of conscienceness and contact with the environment
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Alzheimer disease
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a brain disorder that is marked by gradual deterioration of mental capacity, begins in middle age
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amyotropic lateral sclerosis
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a dengenerative disease of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. presents in adulthood, affects more men than women
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epilepsy
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brain disorder characterized by seizures
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Huntington disease
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a hereditary nervous disorder caused by degenerative changes in the cerebrum. causes involuntary movements
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multiple sclerosis
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a leading cause of disability ages 20 - 40. myelin sheaths on neurons are destroyed in the central nervous system and replaced with plaques of hard tissue
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myasthenia gravis
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means "grave muscle weakness". an autoimmune disorder. a neuromuscular disorder of voluntary muscles. onset usually with ptosis of upper eyelid, double vision and facial weakness
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palsy
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paralysis, partial or complete.
cerebral palsy is partial and caused by hypoxia to the cerebrum during gestation or birth. bell palsy affects one side of the face, cause probably a virus |
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Parkinson disease
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nerves in the basal ganglia degenerate, occurs later in life, caused by definiency of dopamine made by basal ganglia cells. tremors, weakness, slowness, stiffness
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Tourette syndrome
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Tics, involuntary spasms, uncontrolled vocal sounds or words. associated with either excess of dopamine or hypersensitivity to dopamine.
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herpes zoster
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viral infection affectin peripheral nerves. Known as shingles. blisters and pain. caused by the saime virus as chickenpox.
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meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges. casues by bacteria (pyogenic) or virus (aseptic). symptoms are fever, headach, sensitivity to light and stiff neck.
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy
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affects patients with HIV. encephalitis, dementia, brain tumors
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glioma
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brain tumor in the glia cells, astroglioma, oligodendroglioma and ependymoma
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glioblastoma multiforme
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most malignant form of an astrocytoma
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meningoma
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usually a benign tumor in the meninges of the brain
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cerebral concussion
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temporary brain dysfunction after an injury. lasts about 24 hours
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cerebral contusion
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bruising of the brain as a result of trauma
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cerebrovascular accident
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disruption of blood supply to the brain, a stroke
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three types of strokes
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thrombotic
embolic hemorragic |
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occlusion
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caused when a thrombus blocks a blood vessel. can lead to a stroke. may be gradual (thrombotic) or sudden (embolic)
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aneurysm
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weakening of a blood vessel that can lead to a hemorrhage and stroke
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aura
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a peculiar sensation apprearing before other symptoms
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demyelination
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destruction of myelin sheath
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embolus
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blood clot, clot of material that can travel through the blood stream and cause a stroke
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gait
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manner of walking
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ictal event
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suddent, acute onset
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occlusion
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blockage as in a stroke
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pallative
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relieves symptoms but doesnt cure
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack, a mini stroke
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tonic-clonic seizure
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a grand mal seizure
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cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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measure water, glucose, sodium, chloride, protien, RBC, WBC to detect tumors or virus or infections
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cerebral angiography
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CT of the brain, cross-section images of the brain and spinal cord. contrast material is used, leaks through the blood-brain barrier to show image
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myelography
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contrast medium is used to Xray subarachnoid space. replaced often with CT or MRI
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MRI of the brain
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magnetic and radio waves create an image of the brain in all three planes
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positron emission tomography
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PET scan images produced afer an injection of radioactive glucose or oxygen, provides info on AD, stroke, schizophrenia and epilepsy
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doppler/ultrasound studies
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uses sound waves to detect the flow of blood in the corotid and intracranial arteries
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electroencephalography
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EEG records the electrical activity of the brain
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lumbar puncture
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LP cerebrospinal fluid is drawn or medicines may be injected
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stereotatic radiosurgery
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uses a specialized instrument to locate targets in the brain without surgical incision
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