Ch. 1 Vocab

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The smallest part of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule

Hint 1

Ex: He
Sentence: Each kind of matter, such as paper is made up of...

Front 2

Molecule

Back 2

The smallest amount of a particular substance that has all the characteristics of something

Hint 2

Ex: H2O
Sentence: A ____ of water contains one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms

Front 3

Element

Back 3

One of the basic substances that are made of atoms of only one kind and that cannot be separated by ordinary chemical means into simpler substances

Hint 3

Ex: He
Sentence: The Periodic Table of....

Front 4

Proton

Back 4

A very small particle of matter that is part of the nucleus of an atom and that has a positive electrical charge

Hint 4

Ex: +
Sentence: _____ has a positive charge

Front 5

Electron

Back 5

A very small particle of matter that has a negative charge of electricity and that travels around the nucleus of an atom

Hint 5

Ex: -
Sentence: _____ has a negative charge

Front 6

Neutron

Back 6

A very small particle of matter that has no electrical charge and is part of the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen atoms

Hint 6

Ex: Neutral
Sentence: _____ has no charge

Front 7

Ion

Back 7

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative electric charge from losing or gaining one or more electrons

Hint 7

Ex: Ca+2
Sentence: Calcium has a positive charge because it lost two electrons

Front 8

Isotope

Back 8

Any one or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in nucleus, or different atomic weight

Hint 8

Ex: Carbon-14
Sentence: A ____ is formed when there is not a usual # of neutrons

Front 9

Ionic Bond

Back 9

The electrostatic bond between two ions formed through through the transfer of one or more electrons

Hint 9

Ex: NaCl
Sentence: When sodium and chlorine combine, it is called a...

Front 10

Covalent Bond

Back 10

The bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms

Hint 10

Ex: CO2
Sentence: When one carbon atom, and two oxygen atoms form together they make a...

Front 11

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 11

A bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally

Hint 11

Ex: H2O
Sentence: In H2O electrons are unequally shared, which makes it a ____

Front 12

Law of Conservation of Matter

Back 12

Matter is neither created or destroyed

Hint 12

Ex: H2+O=H2O
Sentence: However many atoms you start with, you must end with.

Front 13

Activation Energy

Back 13

The minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction

Hint 13

Ex: striking a match
Sentence: Before two molecules react, they must have the required ________

Front 14

Hydrogen Bond

Back 14

A weak bond between two molecules resulting from a electric attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other

Hint 14

Ex: H2O
Sentence: Water molecules bonding together to form ice

Front 15

pH Scale

Back 15

A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

Hint 15

Ex: Acidic- battery acid, Neutral- milk, Basic- sodium hydroxide
Sentence: The measurement of how basic or acidic a object is

Front 16

Acid

Back 16

A molecule that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions

Hint 16

Ex: Battery acid
Sentence: ___ would be considered anything under 7 on the pH scale

Front 17

Base

Back 17

A chemical species that donates electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons

Hint 17

Ex: Ammonia- NH3
Sentence: There are three different types of _____, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis

Front 18

Organic Compounds

Back 18

Any number of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon

Hint 18

Ex: Acetone
Sentence: _____ is a substance that contains the element carbon

Front 19

Macromolecules

Back 19

A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer

Hint 19

Ex: Proteins
Sentence: The skin and tissues change in response to the build up of fluid, proteins, and other ________

Front 20

Carbohydrates

Back 20

Any large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose

Hint 20

Ex: CH2O
Sentence: _____ are used for short term energy

Front 21

Lipids

Back 21

Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Hint 21

Ex: fats
Sentence: _____ are the building blocks of the fats and fatty substances found in animals and plants

Front 22

Proteins

Back 22

Any class of nitrogenous organic compounds of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms

Hint 22

Ex: Fibrous, globular, and membrane
Sentence: _____ is the base component of living cells and is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and one or more chains of amino acids.

Front 23

Nucleic Acids

Back 23

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially in DNA and RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

Hint 23

Ex: Guanine, cytosine, thymine
Sentence: _____ is part of DNA

Front 24

Gene

Back 24

A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring

Hint 24

Ex: Eye color
Sentence: Inherited from your mother and father

Front 25

Monosaccharides

Back 25

Any class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simple sugar

Hint 25

Ex: Glucose
Sentence: Polysaccharides can be made up of hundreds or thousands of linked ______

Front 26

Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Back 26

Part one- a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrogen chain and a terminal carboxylic group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.
Part two- a colorless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture. Can be used to make explosives and antifreeze.

Hint 26

Ex: Fats
Sentence: Glycerolipids are composed of ______ and _______

Front 27

Amino Acid

Back 27

A simple compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group

Hint 27

Ex: Arginine
Sentence: Each set of three bases, or codon, specifies a particular _____

Front 28

Nucleotides

Back 28

A compound consisting of a nucleoside liked to a phosphate group

Hint 28

Ex: Palindromic sequence
Sentence: Each strand is made up of a series of small molecules called _____

Front 29

Disaccharide

Back 29

Any of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharides residues

Hint 29

Ex: Table sugar
Sentence: Tabla sugar is sucrose, a glucose-fructose _____

Front 30

Polysaccharide

Back 30

A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Hint 30

Ex: Cellulose
Sentence: ____ can be found in the cell wall of plants

Front 31

Polypeptide

Back 31

A linear polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of a protein molecule

Hint 31

Ex: The biological process
Sentence: Hydrophobic _____ and proteins play a crucial role in the biological process

Front 32

DNA

Back 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self replacing material presence in nearly all living organisms as the main constant of chromosomes

Hint 32

Ex: A, T, G, C
Sentence: Every strand of ___ is different

Front 33

Gene

Back 33

A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring

Hint 33

Ex: Eye color
Sentence: Inherited from your mother and father