Ch 1 Psy202

Front 1

psychology

Back 1

discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical, mental, and external environment

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empirical

Back 2

relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement

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functionalism

Back 3

an early psychological approach that emphasizes the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness

Front 4

psychoanalysis

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theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Freud that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

Front 5

biological perspective

Back 5

approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts

Front 6

evolutionary psychology (1 of 5)

Back 6

field of psychology emphasizing evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain human commonalities in cognition, development, emotion, social practices, and other areas of behavior

Front 7

learning perspective (2 of 5)

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a psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect actions--includes behaviorism and social-cognitive learning theories

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cognitive perspective (3 of 5)

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psychological approach that emphasizes metnal processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior

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sociocultural perspective (4 of 5)

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approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior

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psychodynamic perspective (5 of 5)

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approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the indiv, such as inner forces, conflicts, or movemtn of instinctual energy

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humanist psychology

Back 11

a psychological approach that emphasizes free will, personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential

Front 12

humanist psychology

Back 12

a psychological approach that emphasizes free will, personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential

Front 13

basic psychology

Back 13

study of psy issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application

Front 14

basic psychology

Back 14

study of psy issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application

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applied psychology

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study of psy issues that have direct practical significance and application of psy findings

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applied psychology

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study of psy issues that have direct practical significance and application of psy findings

Front 17

psychotherapist

Back 17

person who does psychotherapy; may have anything from no degree to an advanced professional degree

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psychotherapist

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person who does psychotherapy; may have anything from no degree to an advanced professional degree

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clinical psychologist

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diagnoses, treats, and/or studies mental and emotional problems, both mild and severe; has PhD or related degree

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clinical psychologist

Back 20

diagnoses, treats, and/or studies mental and emotional problems, both mild and severe; has PhD or related degree

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psychoanalyst

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practice psychoanalysis; specific training in it

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psychiatrist

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work similar to clinical psychologist but likely to take a more biological approach; medical degree; can perscribe medicine

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critical thinking

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ability to assess claims and make objective judgements on basis of well supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion or anecdote

Front 24

operational definition

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precise def of term in hypoth wwhich specifies operations for observing and measuring the process being defined

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principle of falsifiability

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principle that scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose theory to possibility of disconfirmation

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descriptive methods

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methods that allow describe behavior but not necessarily the cause of it

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case studies

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detailed description of particular indiv being studied or treated

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observational study

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study in which researcher carefully and systematically observes/records behavior w/o interfering with the behavior; naturalistic or lab observ

Front 29

psychological tests

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procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, interests, abilitiees, and values

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standardize

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in test construction, develop uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test

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norms (test construction)

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established standards of performance

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reliability (test construction)

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consistency of test scores from one time to another

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validity (test construction)

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ability of test to measure what it was designed to measure

Front 34

surveys

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questionaires and interviews that ask people directly about their experiences, opinions etc

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representative sample

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group of indivs selected from pop for study which matches pop on important characteristics such as age, sex

Front 36

volunteer bias

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shortcoming of findings derived from a sample of volunteers instead of a rep sample (volunteers may differ from those that didnt volunteer)

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correlation study

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descriptive study that looks for consistent relationship btw 2 phenomena

Front 38

coefficient of correlation

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measure of correlation that ranges in value from -1 to +1

Front 39

single-blind study

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experiment in which subjects do not know whether they are in an experimental or a control group

Front 40

experimenter effects

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unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter

Front 41

double-blind study

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experiment in which neither participants nor indivs runnning the study know which participants are in the control group and which are in experimental group

Front 42

field research

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descriptive or experimental research conducted in natural setting outside the lab

Front 43

descriptive statistics

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stats that org and summarize research data

Front 44

standard deviation

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commonly used measure of variability that indicates the avg difference btw scores in distribution and their mean

Front 45

inferential stats

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stat procedures that allow researchers to draw inferences about how statistically meaningful study's results are

Front 46

significance tests

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stat tests that assess how likely it is that a study's results occurred merely by chance

Front 47

cross-sectional study

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study in which indivs of diff ages are compared at given time

Front 48

longitudinal study

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study in which indivs are followed and periodically reassessed over a period of time

Front 49

meta-analysis

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procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies; determines how much variance in scores can be explained by particular variable