Ch 1 Microbes And You And Chapter 4 Microscopes

Front 1

any living things you cant see with naked eye

Back 1

microbe

Front 2

prokaryotic cells found in kingdom monera, in domains archea and bacteria

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bacteria

Front 3

noncellular entities that are made of dna and protein, must have a host. no metabolism

Back 3

viruses

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single celled

Back 4

protozoa

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molds and yeast

Back 5

fungi

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importance of microbes

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-decomposers
-basis of food chain in aqautic environment
-micro biota
-food, alcohol production
-genetic engineering
-bioremmediation
-biocontrol

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the early belief that living organsims spontaneously occured from nonliving matter

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spontaneous generation

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biogenesis

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belief that living things arise from living cells only

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produced by bacillus clostridium and are durable under adverwse conditions

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endospores

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light scientist, "cells"

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robert hooke

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examined seawater, teeth scrapings and saw moving things called them animacules

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Anton van Leewonhoek

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Francisco Redi

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disproved s.g. EXCEPT for microbes

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louis pasteur

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rabies vaccine,disproved s.g

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paul erhlich

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created first slide for mycobacterium called acid fast stain. ALSO found drug salvarson to treat syphillus

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introduced idea of agar plates. first to get a pure culture of microbes. demonstrated connection between disease and microbes

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koch

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hand-washing

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ignaz semmelweiss

Front 17

found that mosquitoes carried yellow fever

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reeed

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antibiotics, effects of penicilin

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flemming

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mass produced penicillen

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Florey and Chain

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dmitri iwanowski

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proposed there was a microbe smaller than bacteria, TMV

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micrometers

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bacteria

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nanometers

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virus

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one lens

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simple microscope

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image from the objective lens is magnified again by the ocular lens

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compund microscope

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objective lens X ocular lens

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total magnification

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ability of a lens to distinguish two points

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resolution

Front 27

shorter wavelengths provied what?

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greater resolution

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measure of the light bending ability of a medium

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refractive index

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what is used to keep light from bending

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oil immersion lens

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dark objects are seen against a bright background.

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brightfeild illumination

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light onjects are seen against a dark background

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darkfeild illumination

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advantages of darkfeild illumination

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no stain needed
can be living
true size and shape of m.o is seen

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accentuates diffraction of the light that passes through a specimen

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phase contrast microscopy

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-cellsstained with
flourochrome dyes
-3d image
-research bases

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confocal microscopy

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- cells stained with flourochrome dyes
-2 photons of red light are used
-used to study cells that are attached to a surface

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two photon microscopy

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measures sound waves that are reflected back from an object

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scanning acoustic microscope

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uses electrons instead of light

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electron microscopy

Front 38

ultrathin sectons of specimens
light passes through specimen, then an electromagentic lens, to a screen or film

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Transmission Electron Microscopy

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disadvantages of TEM

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limited beam, distortion, dehydration

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an electron gun produces a beam of electrons that scans the surfaceof a whole specimen
3D, no distortion

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scanning electron micrscopy

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advantages of a scanned probe microscope

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no high energy beam,
living org from start to finish, detailed

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observe processes at molecular level, 3D

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atomic force microscopy

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coloring microbe with a dye that emphasizes

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staining

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thin film of a solution of microbes on a slide

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smear

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in a basic dye, the chromophore is a what?

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cation

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in an acidic dye, the chromphore is a whaT?

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anion

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tend to be killed by penicillen and detergents

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gram positive

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are more resistant to antibiotics

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gram negative

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gram positive color

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purple

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gram negative color

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red

Front 51

identifies microbes in genera mycobacterioum and nocardia

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acid fast stain

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color of acid fast

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red

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color of non acid fast

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blue

Front 54

identifies microbes in genera mycobacterioum and nocardia

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acid fast stain

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color of acid fast

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red

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color of non acid fast

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blue