Ch. 1 - Anatomy And Physiology Of The Eye

Front 1

What is the axial length of the average eye?

Back 1

26.5 mm

Front 2

What is another word for the eyelids?

Back 2

Palpebrae

Front 3

What muscle relaxes to allow the eyelid to droop or sag?

Back 3

Muller's

Front 4

What is the size of the bony orbit in the average adult?

Back 4

35mm X 40mm

Front 5

Reflex tears are produced by ____ and are generally caused by ________.

Back 5

The lacrimal glands/ stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions

Front 6

Which glands produce basic tear secretion?

Back 6

Glands of Wolfring and Krause

Front 7

The three layers of the tear film are

Back 7

Lipid, aqueous, mucin

Front 8

The layer of the tear film responsible for prevention of evaporation is

Back 8

Lipid

Front 9

The layer of the tear film that contains the nutrients and antibiotic properties is the

Back 9

aqueous layer

Front 10

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for holding the tears on the cornea is the

Back 10

mucin layer

Front 11

the term for the collection of the thin film of tears on the lower lid margin is

Back 11

tear lake, tear prism, tear meniscus

Front 12

what is the term for eyelids turning outward

Back 12

exothalmus

Front 13

that is the term for the eyelids turning inward

Back 13

entropion

Front 14

what is the name of the mucous membrane that lines the lids and the globe of the eye?

Back 14

conjunctiva

Front 15

what do goblet cells produce

Back 15

mucous

Front 16

what is the term for an inflammation of the conjunctiva

Back 16

conjunctivitis

Front 17

the outer tunic of the eye consists of ____ and is _____

Back 17

sclera, cornea, limbus, & fibrous

Front 18

the five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost in order are

Back 18

epithelium, bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, endothelium

Front 19

The average power of the cornea is

Back 19

42-45 diopters

Front 20

the cornea receives oxygen from

Back 20

aqueous, tears

Front 21

how many layers are in the epithelium

Back 21

5-7

Front 22

If this layer of the cornea is damaged, scar tissue will form

Back 22

bowman's layer

Front 23

if the eye is deprived of oxygen, this layer will lose more cells, more quickly and cause swelling of the eye

Back 23

endothelium

Front 24

the canal of schlemm encircle the ____ region, which is where the aqueous drains into the trabecular meshwork

Back 24

limbal

Front 25

the middle tunic is the _____ tunic and is located between the ____ and _____

Back 25

vascular, sclera, retina

Front 26

the ciliary body consists of the ___ and the ___

Back 26

ciliary muscle, ciliary process

Front 27

the anterior chamber is located

Back 27

between the back surface of the cornea and the iris

Front 28

the posterior chamber is located

Back 28

between the iris and the crystalline lens

Front 29

an inflammation of the iris is called

Back 29

iritis

Front 30

a difference in pupil size is called

Back 30

anisocoria

Front 31

which muscle constricts causing the pupil to become smaller

Back 31

sphincter

Front 32

which muscle dilates causing the pupil to become larger

Back 32

dilator

Front 33

the inner tunic is the ___ and is the _____ tunic

Back 33

retina, light sensitive

Front 34

the aqueous humor is produced by the

Back 34

ciliary process

Front 35

if a patient experiences "floaters", where are they located

Back 35

in the vitrous

Front 36

absense of the crystalline lens is referred to as

Back 36

aphakia

Front 37

how much amplitude of accommodation does the average person have at birth

Back 37

15 diopters

Front 38

loss of accommodation of the accommodative anatomy which includes the crystalline lens is called

Back 38

presbyopia

Front 39

what are the 6 extraocular muscles of the eye

Back 39

medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

Front 40

A term that refers to the definite turning of an eye is

Back 40

tropia

Front 41

the retinal cells primarily responsible for color vision are called

Back 41

cones

Front 42

the extraocular muscles are inserted into the sclera and serve to rotate the eye in all possible directions. There are ____ of these muscles in each eye

Back 42

6

Front 43

the fibrous tunic is comprised of the

Back 43

sclera and cornea

Front 44

fusion occurs

Back 44

in the brain

Front 45

the aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by

Back 45

the ciliary body

Front 46

the ability of the eye to bring objects of varying distance to focus on the retina is known as

Back 46

accommodation

Front 47

when accommodation is at rest, rays of light froma distant source come to focus in front of the retina. This condition is called

Back 47

myopia

Front 48

Right eye turned in noticeably

Back 48

esotropia

Front 49

impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the

Back 49

optic nerve

Front 50

while reading, or performing other near vision tasks

Back 50

the eyes converge

Front 51

that are of the retina capable of preceiving the greatest amount of detail is

Back 51

macula

Front 52

the average crystalline lens has a refractive power of approximately

Back 52

17 diopters

Front 53

that layers of the cornea which is highly regenerative

Back 53

epithelium

Front 54

night vision is chiefly a function of the

Back 54

rods

Front 55

a tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward when the eyes are in a position of rest is known as

Back 55

esophoria

Front 56

farsighted

Back 56

hyperopic

Front 57

double vision

Back 57

diplopia

Front 58

inadequate accomodation because of loss of elasticity of lens

Back 58

presbyopia

Front 59

loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye

Back 59

amblyopia

Front 60

refractive error in which rays do not come to a single point of focus

Back 60

astigmatism

Front 61

the condition in which the crystalline lens gradually loses its transparency with consequent loss of visual acuity

Back 61

cataract

Front 62

space between back of the iris and front of lens

Back 62

posterior chamber

Front 63

tendency of one eye to deviate upward

Back 63

hyperphoria

Front 64

refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other eye and where both eyes have the same sign

Back 64

anisometropia

Front 65

caused by damaged cornea so that light rays come to many focal points

Back 65

irregular astigmatism

Front 66

Levator Palebrae Superioris

Back 66

originates at the medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac. Function is to close the eyelids, and aids passage and drainage of tears

Front 67

orbicularis oculi muscle

Back 67

closes the eyelids

Front 68

muller's muscle

Back 68

when tired or sleepy, it is relaxed and allows eyelid to droop or sag