Ch. 1-3 Nasm

Front 1

a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability

Back 1

deconditioned

Front 2

the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement

Back 2

proprioception

Front 3

an unstable (but controllable) physical situation in which exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms

Back 3

proprioceptively enriched environment

Front 4

a muscles ability to contract for an extended period of time

Back 4

muscular endurance

Front 5

the muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power

Back 5

prime mover

Front 6

set of two exercises that are performed back to back without any rest time between them

Back 6

superset

Front 7

the ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion

Back 7

neuromuscular efficiency

Front 8

how quickly a muscle can generate force

Back 8

rate of force production

Front 9

Today, approximately what percentage or adults are estimated to be obese?

Back 9

30% is the answer (book says 33%)

Front 10

Name the 3 building blocks of training

5 phases also (1-3-1)

Back 10

stabilization, strength, and power

stabilization endurance, strength endurance, hypertrophy, maximal strength, power

Front 11

In which building block does the phase of Hypertrophy Training belong?

Back 11

strength

Front 12

Which phase of training enhances prime mover strength and improves the rate of force production concurrently?

Back 12

power (power training)

Front 13

the communication network within the body

Back 13

nervous system

Front 14

the ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

Back 14

sensory function

Front 15

the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response

Back 15

integrative function

Front 16

the neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Back 16

motor function

Front 17

the equation for movement

Back 17

NS + skeletal system + muscular system = kinetic chain

Front 18

the functional unit of the nervous system

Back 18

neuron

Front 19

what are the three main parts that neurons are composed of?

Back 19

the cell body, axon, and dendrites

Front 20

transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to the brain or spinal cord

Back 20

sensory (afferent) neurons

Front 21

transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

Back 21

interneurons

Front 22

transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

Back 22

motor (efferent) neurons

Front 23

composed of the brain and spinal cord

Back 23

central nervous system

Front 24

cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

Back 24

peripheral nervous system

Front 25

sensor receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

Back 25

mechanoreceptors

Front 26

receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

Back 26

muscle spindles

Front 27

receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

Back 27

golgi tendon organs

Front 28

receptors that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint

Back 28

joint receptors

Front 29

the body's framework, composed of bones and joints

Back 29

skeletal system

Front 30

provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

Back 30

bones

Front 31

the movable junction where two or more bones meet

Back 31

joints

Front 32

portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Back 32

axial skeleton

Front 33

portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

Back 33

appendicular skeleton

Front 34

flattended or indented portion of bone, which can be a muscle attachment site

Back 34

depression

Front 35

projection protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Back 35

process

Front 36

joint motion

Back 36

arthrokinematics

Front 37

joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body

Back 37

synovial joints

Front 38

joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

Back 38

nonsynovial joints

Front 39

primary connective tissues that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

Back 39

ligament

Front 40

the functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

Back 40

sarcomere

Front 41

connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

Back 41

tendons

Front 42

the contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

Back 42

neural activation

Front 43

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Back 43

motor unit

Front 44

chemical messengers that cross synapses to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle

Back 44

neurotransmitter

Front 45

which kind of muscle fibers are "fast twitch"?

Back 45

TYPE II

Front 46

a system of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory system

Back 46

cardiorespiratory system

Front 47

a system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Back 47

cardiovascular system

Front 48

a hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction

Back 48

heart

Front 49

the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest, except the lungs

Back 49

mediastinum

Front 50

the superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles

Back 50

atrium

Front 51

the inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries

Back 51

ventricle

Front 52

fluid the circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, which carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body

Back 52

blood

Front 53

how much body weight (%) does blood constitute?

how much?

Back 53

8 %

5 Liters, roughly 1.5 gallons

Front 54

network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body

Back 54

blood vessels

Front 55

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Back 55

arteries

Front 56

vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart

Back 56

veins

Front 57

small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries

Back 57

arterioles

Front 58

the smallest blood vessels, which connect venules with arterioles

Back 58

capillaries

Front 59

the very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins

Back 59

venules

Front 60

the process of actively contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into the body

Back 60

inspiration

Front 61

the process of actively of passively relaxing inspiratory msucles to move air out of the body

Back 61

expiration

Front 62

requires oxygen:

does not require oxygen:

Back 62

aerobic

anaerobic

Front 63

the study of the energy in the body; looks at how chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy

Back 63

bioenergetics

Front 64

a cellular structure that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis

Back 64

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 65

what are the three components of the cardiovascular system?

Back 65

the heart, blood, and blood vessels