Ch 1

Front 1

the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions is referred to as __________.

Back 1

physiology

Front 2

_________ describes when a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original response.

Back 2

negative feedback

Front 3

________ describes when stimulus produces a response that reinforces the original stimulus.

Back 3

positive feedback

Front 4

The ______ plane divides the body into right and left sections.

Back 4

sagitall

Front 5

The ______ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Back 5

frontal

Front 6

The thoracic body cavity is subdivided into the _______

Back 6

pleural and pericardial cavities

Front 7

when utilizing directional references, the term lateral refers to_______.

Back 7

away from the body's longitudial axis.

Front 8

when utilizing directional references, the term proximal refers to _________.

Back 8

toward an attached base.

Front 9

defense against infection and disease is the major function of which of the following systems?

Back 9

lymphatic system

Front 10

directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the primary function of which of the following systems?

Back 10

endocrine system

Front 11

_____ is defined as utilizing chemical reactions to provide energy for the body.

Back 11

metabolism

Front 12

the study of the effect of diseases on organ or system functions.

Back 12

pathology

Front 13

the study of cells and their functions is called ______

Back 13

cell physiology

Front 14

when studying anatomy and physiology. the word structure relates tot the study of ______, while the term function refers to the study of ________.

Back 14

anatomy and physiology

Front 15

smallest living unit in the body

Back 15

cell

Front 16

the _______ system is comprised of organs that are responsible for coordinating the activities of other systems.

Back 16

nervous system

Front 17

the _________ system stimulates the immune system when needed.

Back 17

lymphatic system

Front 18

the ______ is the part of the respiratory system where gas exchange between air and blood occurs.

Back 18

alveoli

Front 19

steady state in which the body works most optimally

Back 19

homeostasis

Front 20

the diaphram divides the ventral body cavity into the _______ cavity and the _________cavities.

Back 20

thoracic and abdomiopelvic

Front 21

the mouth is is superior to the nose

Back 21

false

Front 22

the trachea is lateral to the esophagus

Back 22

false

Front 23

the knee is distal to the femur

Back 23

true

Front 24

the heart is medial to the pleural cavity

Back 24

true

Front 25

the kidneys are inferior to the adrenal glands

Back 25

true

Front 26

the larynx is superior to the spinal cord

Back 26

false

Front 27

the hand is distal to the elbow

Back 27

true

Front 28

the liver is lateral to the stomach

Back 28

true

Front 29

the diaphragm is superior to the large intestine

Back 29

true

Front 30

the urethra is proximal to the ureter

Back 30

false

Front 31

anatomy is the study of ____

Back 31

internal and external structure.

Front 32

physiology is the study of _____

Back 32

how each living organisms perform their vital funtions

Front 33

provide some examples of how the human body tries to maintain homeostasis in a cold environment

Back 33

blood flow will decrease to any extremities. the sweat gland will also decrease. the skeletal muscle will begin to shiver in order to create heat. after the internal temperature of the body increases back to normal, the shivering will stop then blood flow will increase and the sweat glands will return to normal.

Front 34

you are called to care for a 10 year old girl who has twisted her ankle after jumping off a trampoline. you notice significant swelling on the outside of the right ankle and swelling on the inside of the right lower leg about half way up the tibia. using directional references as a guide. please describe the injury as if you were giving a medical report to a physician.

Back 34

significant swelling lateral side of her right ankle with a swelling also found on the medial side of the right lower leg proximal to the ankle.

Front 35

anatomy divided into:

Back 35

macroscope and microscope

Front 36

define cytology

Back 36

study of cells

Front 37

define histology

Back 37

study of tissues

Front 38

what does patho mean?

Back 38

diseases

Front 39

when atoms join together they make a _____

Back 39

molecule

Front 40

group of cells

Back 40

tissues

Front 41

atoms are made up of what three things?

Back 41

protons, neutrons, electrons

Front 42

4 types of tissue in the body

Back 42

skin
muscle cells
connective tissue
nervous tissue

Front 43

osteo

Back 43

bones

Front 44

hemo

Back 44

blood

Front 45

hypothallamus plays what functions?

Back 45

bodys thermostat, regulates blood volume ( usually 5 liters) regulates electrolytes

Front 46

PH measures what two things?

Back 46

acidity and alkalinity

Front 47

ph of water?

Back 47

7,
water is neutral,
below 7 is acidic
above 7 is alkaline

Front 48

PH of blood?

Back 48

7.4

Front 49

ph of stomach acid?

Back 49

2

Front 50

what does a gland do?

Back 50

produces a liquid, secretions

Front 51

exocrine

Back 51

secretions outside the blood circulation

Front 52

endocrine

Back 52

secretions directly into the blood circulation
(hormones)

Front 53

supine

Back 53

face up, palms up laying down

Front 54

prone

Back 54

face down, palms up, laying down

Front 55

transverse splits the body into what?

Back 55

upper and lower, superior and inferior

Front 56

frontal splits the body into what?

Back 56

front and back, anterior and posterior

Front 57

sagittal splits the body into what?

Back 57

right and left

Front 58

thoracic cavity contains what two things?

Back 58

pleural cavity and pericardial cavity