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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Anaemia definition for men and women according to the WHO?
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a. Haemoglobin of:
1. Women: <12 2. Men: <13 |
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2. Symptoms, commonly reported by elderly people with anemia?
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a. Fatigue
b. Weakness c. Dyspnea |
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3. Note: anaemia may result in worsening the symptoms of other underlying conditions for example, the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood of the consequences anaemia may exacerbate dyspnea associated with CHF.
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3. Note: anaemia may result in worsening the symptoms of other underlying conditions for example, the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood of the consequences anaemia may exacerbate dyspnea associated with CHF.
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4. What is considered a reliable sign of anaemia in the elderly?
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a. Conjunctival pallor
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5. Signs of B12 deficiency anaemia?
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a. Glossitis
b. Decreased vibratory and positional senses c. Ataxia d. Parasthesia e. Confusion f. Dementia g. Pearly grey hair at an early age |
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6. What type of anaemia may produce Koilonychias?
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a. Fe-Deficient.
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7. Other clinical manifestations of anaemia?
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a. Jaundice- May be a clue that haemolysis is a contributing factor.
b. Splenomegaly- Can indicate that a thalassemia or neoplasm may be present. |
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8. What can be used to confirm B12 deficiency?
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a. Elevated Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) level.
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9. In whom is folate deficiency anaemia most commonly seen?
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a. Alcoholics
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10. Most common cause of a normocytic anaemia in the elderly?
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a. Anaemia of chronic inflammation (formerly anaemia of chronic disease).
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1. Pathphys of anaemia of chronic inflammation?
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a. The body’s iron stores are normal, but the capability of using the stored iron in the reticuloendothelial system becomes decreased.
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12. Clues to anaemia of chronic inflammation?
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a. A lack of improvement in symptoms and hemoglobin w/iron supplementation.
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13. RBC size w/ anaemia of chronic inflammation?
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a. Microcytic or normocytic.
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14. Other causes of normocytic anaemia?
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a. Renal insufficiency due to decreased erythropoietin production.
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15. Gold standard for differentiating between iron-deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic inflammation?
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a. Bone marrow iron stores
b. Although, simple serum testing is still used to diagnose and differentiate these two types of anaemia. |
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16. Serum Iron, TIBC, Transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin in Iron deficiency anaemia?
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a. Serum Iron: low
b. TIBC: high c. Transferrin saturation: low d. Serum ferritin: low |
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17. Serum Iron, TIBC, Transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin in Anaemia of Chronic Inflammation?
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a. Serum Iron: Low or normal
b. TIBC: Low c. Transferrin saturation: Low or normal d. Serum ferritin: Normal or high. |
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18. Commonly used threshold for transfusion?
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a. Anaemia of <7, however may be indicated at a higher level if the person has comorbid conditions such CAD.
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19. Typical tx of iron-deficient anaemia?
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a. Ferrous sulfate 325 tid.
b. Parenteral iron preparations are available for those w/poor iron absorption and high iron replacement needs. |
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20. Tx of B12 deficiency?
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a. IM B12 1000 ug IM daily for 7 days,
b. Then weekly for 4 weeks, c. Then monthly for the rest of the patient’s life. d. Newer research shows that many pts can be successfully treated w/oral B12 therapy using 1000-2000 ug po in a similar fashion. |
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21. Tx folate deficiency anaemia?
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a. 1 mg daily until the deficiency is corrected.
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22. Tx of anaemia of chronic inflammation?
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a. Primarily managed by tx of the underlying condition.
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23. Indication for anaemia workup in elderly pt on physical exam?
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a. Conjunctival pallor.
b. Clinical findings of anaemia require investigation for underlying causes. |
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24. What is mandated by findings of GI bleeding (ie + guaiac) in elderly pts?
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24. What is mandated by findings of GI bleeding (ie + guaiac) in elderly pts?
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25. Note: Investigating for B12 and folate deficiency is of high importance in a pt w/a hx of heavy EtOH intake and/or abuse.
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25. Note: Investigating for B12 and folate deficiency is of high importance in a pt w/a hx of heavy EtOH intake and/or abuse.
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26. Complete
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26. Complete
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