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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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31. Pathophysiology of renal insufficiency-induced hypercalcemia?
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a. Increased bone resorption and increased protein binding of calcium
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32. Pathophysiology of: thyrotoxicosis induced hypercalcemia (usually mild hypercalcemia)?
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a. Increased bone resorption
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33. Physical manifestation of “stones” in hypercalcemia symptoms?
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a. Renal calculi
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34. Physical manifestation of “bones” in hypercalcemia symptoms?
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a. Bone pain including:
i. Arthritis ii. Osteoporosis |
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35. Physical manifestation of “psychic groans” in hypercalcemia symptoms (5)?
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1. Poor concentration
2. Weakness 3. Fatigue 4. Stupor 5. Coma |
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36. Physical manifestation of “abdominal moans” in hypercalcemia symptoms (5)?
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1. Abdominal pain
2. Constipation 3. N/V 4. Pancreatitis 5. Anorexia |
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37. What is the vast majority of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by?
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a. Adenoma (benign tumor) of one of the 4 parathyroid glands
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38. Heavy patients in renal failure usually present in terms of labs?
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1. HYPOcalcemia
2. Hyperphosphatemia 3. Low vitamin D levels |
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39. Significance of renal failure with respect to the endocrine function?
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a. If untreated, it leads to hyperplasia or parathyroid glans, and increased PTH secretion, and subsequent hypercalcemia
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40. What condition can produce inappropriately high PTH levels unrelated to parathyroid production
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a. Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH)
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41. Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH)?
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a. Genetic disorder related to the defect in a gene that codes for a calcium-sensing receptor
b. Consequently, simply measuring PTH alone may confound this diagnosis, which may be mistaken for primary hyperparathyroidism . |
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42. How do you distinguish FHH from 1° hyperparathyroidism?
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a. Order 24-hour urinary calcium level.
b. In hyperparathyroidism, the kidneys spill calcium into the urine at a normal or elevated level. c. With FHH, the urinary calcium will be low. |
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43. In whom do most cases of 1° hyperparathyroidism occur?
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a. In postmenopausal women, who are often already at increased risk of osteoporosis.
b. Be sure to check their one density w/DEXA scan. |
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44. What should hypercalcemia w/suppressed PTH be considered?
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a. Malignancy until proven otherwise.
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45. Complete
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45. Complete
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