Cervical Spine

Front 1

AP Projection

Back 1

Fuchs Method

Front 2

We do the Fuchs Method when

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the upper half of the dens is not shown in the open mouth position

Front 3

WE DO NOT DO THIS METHOD IF

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DJD or DISEASE of the UPPER C-SPINE is suspected

Front 4

We use a _____________ cassette

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8 X 10 crosswise or 10 X 12

Front 5

The position of the patient should be

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Supine

Front 6

The cassette should be centered to the level of the

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mastoid processes

Front 7

You need to extend the chin until

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its tip and mastoids are vertical (Mentomedialline)

Front 8

MSP should be

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centered to the cassette

Front 9

Respiration

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Suspend

Front 10

This method DOES NOT

Back 10

replace the open mouth method it only complements it

Front 11

CR

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Just distal to the to the tip of the chin, if your patient cant move their neck you can angle to compensate

Front 12

Technique

Back 12

70KVP 30 mAs

Front 13

Structures Shown

Back 13

Dens lying within the the Foramen Magnum, which is a hole in the base of skull-negative contrast

Front 14

SID

Back 14

40"

Front 15

AP Projection

Back 15

Open Mouth

Front 16

The FIRST thing to do when performing the Open Mouth Method is

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Set the technique first-hard position to hold ( 70 KVP 12.5 mAs)

Front 17

Cassette

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8 X 10

Front 18

Position

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Supine

Front 19

Center Cassette to level of

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of axis

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MSP centered

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to the cassette

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Have patient open mouth and phonate

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"ahhhhh" during exposure to keep tongue down

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Upper ___________ and _____________ _____ centered to the cassette

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incisors, mastoid tip

Front 23

CR

Back 23

entering middle of mouth

Front 24

Remove

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denchers if you can

Front 25

Structures Shown

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Ap projection of axis and atlas

Front 26

Patients with a deep head or long mandible

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may not be able to visualize

Front 27

As long as ___________ and ________________ are ___________________ position cannot be improved

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occipital bone and incisors superimposed

Front 28

If the patient cannot move their head or open mouth

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tomography might have to be done

Front 29

Make sure you keep head straight or you will

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close off joints

Front 30

Structures Shown

Back 30

Dens, Atlas, Axis, and Articulations

Articular surfaces to check for displacement

Superimposed occlusal surface and occipital bone

No superimposition of tongue

No rotation

Front 31

AP Axial Projection

Back 31

Kasabach Method

Front 32

If suspected DJD or fx

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rotate entire body

Front 33

Position

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Supine

Front 34

Center Cassette to level of

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mastoid tip

Front 35

Rotate head

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45 degrees right or left

Front 36

Center to the

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IOML Inner Orbital Meatul LIne

Front 37

Do bilateral for

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right angle images

Front 38

CR

Back 38

10 to 15 degrees caudad midway between outer canthum and EAM

Front 39

Structures Shown

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AP Axial oblique projection of the dens, Suspend Respiration

Front 40

ENTIRE C SPINE

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Same position for open mouth

Front 41

AP Axial Projection

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Cassette 8 X 10 or 10 X 12 lengthwise

Front 42

Position

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Supine or Upright

Front 43

MSP centered tp midline of the

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table or or verticle grid device

Front 44

Occlusal plane should be

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perpendicular to the tabletop or IR

Front 45

CR

Back 45

Level of C4

Front 46

Respiration

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Suspend

Front 47

CR and Technique

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70kvp and 12 mAs C4 15 to 20 degrees cephalad (Adams Apple)

Front 48

Structures Shown and Respirtation

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Lower 5 cervical bodies as well as 2-3 thoracic bodies, interpediculate spaces, tranverse and srticular processes, intervetebral disk spaces

STOP BREATHING

Front 49

Evaluation Criteria

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Open Intervertebral disc spaces

Spinous processes equidistant to pedicles

Mandibular angles equidistant to vertebrae

Front 50

Lateral Projection

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Grandy Method

Front 51

Cassette

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10 X12 Lengthwise

Front 52

72 inch SID is recommended because of the increased

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OID

Front 53

A longer distance helps show

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C7

Front 54

Center coronal plane

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through mastoid tips to center of cassette

Front 55

Depending on level of kyphosis

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roll shoulders forward or backward and use sandbags to depress them

Front 56

Or wrap guaze

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under feet to and have them pull to depress shoulders

Front 57

Top of cassette

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Light above Pinna (ear)

Front 58

Technique

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76 KVP 20 to 25 Mas

Front 59

True

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Lateral Position

Front 60

Elevate

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chin slightly

Front 61

Have them

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look at a spot on a wall prevents movement

Front 62

Respiration

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Full Expiration

Front 63

Central Ray

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Horizontal at level of C4

Front 64

Structures Shown

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Lateral Projection of cervical bodies, inter-disc spaces, articular pillars, lower 5 zygopophyseal joints, spinous process

Front 65

Zygopophyseal joints are also known as

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interarticular joints

Front 66

Any Lateral Cervical spine work is always

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an abdomen technique and must show C1-T7

Front 67

Evaluation Criteria

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All 7 cervical and atleast 1/3 of T7

no superimposition of rami over atlas or axis

C4 in center

Body and soft tissues well visualized

Front 68

If you cant get 1/3 of T7

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Swimmers

Front 69

Respiration

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Expiration helps to depress shoulders

Front 70

Hyperflexion and Hyper Extension

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To show range of motion

Front 71

Only do

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when ordered

Front 72

Hyperflexion

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Label flexion in cases of whiplash, spinous processes elevated and widely seperated

Front 73

Hyperextension

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Spinous Process depressed and very close together, label extension

Front 74

Cassette

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10 X 12 lengthwise`

Front 75

SID

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60-72 Inches because of OID

Front 76

Respiration

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Suspend

Front 77

CR

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C4

Front 78

Structures Shown

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mobility of cervical spineand intervertebral discs and zygo joints

Front 79

Hyperflexion

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Mandible almost vertical all 7 spinous processes shown

Front 80

Hyperextension

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mandible almost horizontal, all 7 vert

Front 81

AP Oblique Projections RPO and LPO

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Shows Intervertebral foramina

Front 82

Cassette

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8 X 10

Front 83

SID

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72"

Front 84

Position

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Erect or Supine

Front 85

Center C-Spine to grid

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45 degree angle

Front 86

Center cassette to

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Thyroid Cartilage

Front 87

Upright position

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sit or stand straigh w/shoulder resting against grid, lift madible so it does not superimpose over upper vertebra

Front 88

Semi-Supine Position

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rotate 45 degrees and use support under body elevate chin slightly

Front 89

CR

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15 to 20 degreees cephalad at c4

Front 90

Structures Shown

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intervertebral formaina amd pedicles farthest away from from film

Front 91

PA

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foramina and pedicles closest to IR

Front 92

Evaluation Criteria

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open formaina C2-C3-C7-T1

Open disk spaces

Chin free superimposition

Occipital bone not over Atlas

C1-T1

Front 93

Respiration

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Suspended

Front 94

AP Projection

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Ottonello Method

Front 95

Done to

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Blue Mandible

Front 96

CHewing motion

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dont touch teeth together

Front 97

Cassette

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8 X 10

Front 98

SID

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40 "

Front 99

Position

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AP Center MSP to cassette, cassette to C4

Front 100

Incisors

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Occlusal Plane and Mastoid tip vertical

Front 101

CR

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C4

Front 102

Structures Shown

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AP projection of ENTIRE cervical spine w/mandible blurred or obliterated