Certifier Exam Study - Onc

Front 1

JAVMA 2007
Prevalence and prognostic impact of hypoB12 in dogs with LSA.
How common?
Affects prognosis?

Back 1

9/58 hypocobalaminemia
3/9 survived to Day 60
vs 40/44 w/out hypocobalaminemia
Uncommon but assoc. w/ poor outcome

Front 2

JAVMA 2007
Clinical signs, tx, outcome in cats w/ TCC of the urinary bladder: 20 cases.
MST?

Back 2

Median age = 15 YO
M>F
9/20 trigone affected
4/20 metastasized at dx
MST=261 days - all died due to local progression of dz

Front 3

JVIM 2009
What level of anemia is associ with decr survival in dogs with LSA? OSA?

Back 3

Anemia = MC in dogs with LSA vs. OSA or healthy
PCV<35% in LSA = decr survival time
no effect on remission
no effect on survival in OSA

Front 4

1,129: Feline Intestinal cases (1964-2004)
At risk breed?

Back 4

Neoplasia 8% of cases
All GI tumors: 0.4% = maj. SI tumors
MC=LSA (47% of GI tumors)
Siamese at risk (esp ACA)
>7 YO at risk

Front 5

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression is predictive of poor outcome in what feline dz?

Back 5

feline cutaneous SCC
73% + for EGFR
EGFR not correlated with mitotic index or tumor differentiation
+EGFR = worse outcome (worse DFI & ST)

Front 6

JAVMA 2006
Evaluation of factors associated with survival in dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas: 139 cases
Name 1 neg prog indicator?
MST w/ and w/o this neg prog indicator?

Back 6

Epistaxis = neg prog. indicator
MST w/ epistaxis = 88 d
MST w/o epistaxis = 224 d

Front 7

JAVMA 2007
Strontium for SCC of nasal planum in cats: 49 cases.
MST?

Back 7

CR=88%
Median PFI = 1710 d
MST = 3076 d
initial response = predictive CR>PR

Front 8

Thyroid cancer in dogs: 638 cases
Name 2 common breeds and 1 newly found breed

Back 8

Goldens, Beagles, Siberian Huskies: incr OR
no sex predilection
10-15 YO
90% ACA&CA
9.3% adenomas

Front 9

JVIM 2010
Biologic behavior of oral & perioral MCTs in dogs: 44 cases
Name poor prognostic indicator

Back 9

Oral (14), mucocutaneous jxn (19), muzzle (11)
MST = 52 months
LN metastasis at dx: 59% (MST=14 mo) --> poor prog ind.;
no LN metastasis at dx: MST not reached
CCR7 staining: not related to ST or LN mets

Front 10

JAVMA 2006
Eval of prog factors associ w/ outcome in dogs w/ multiple cutaneous MCT tx w/ sx & w/out & w/ adjuvant tx: 54 cases

Back 10

Neg prog indicator = clinical signs at dx, >3cm, incomplete excision

Front 11

Abdominal irradiation as a rescue therapy for feline GI LSA: retrospective of 11 cats.
MST?

Back 11

No acute RT ASE
1 cats: self-limiting hyporexia
10/11 had response
MST=214d; overall MST=355d

Front 12

JFMS 2010
Evaluation of adverse events in cats receiving long-term piroxicam therapy for various neoplasms.

Back 12

73 cats, 0.13-0.41mg/kg
Sig. incr in vomiting in the first month.
Not assoc with hepatic, renal, hematological toxicity.
29% ASE transient and mild; 8% d/c due to ASE; 4% d/d due to diff to administer

Front 13

JAAHA 2011
Outcomes of dogs with Grade III MCT: 43 cases (97-07)
Sig. prog. indicator?

Back 13

Median progression-free survival (PFS) = 133d.
Overall survival (OS)= 257d.
Tumor size <3cm & LN status sig. influenced PFS on multivariate.
Only LN status influenced OS on multivariate.

Front 14

JAVMA 2007
Analysis of prognostic factors assoc with injection site sarcomas in cats: 57 cases.
2 prog indicators?

Back 14

Local recurrence & distant mets = Neg prog indicators
Distant mets = only variable affecting ST on multivariate.
Grade 3 = more likely to have distant mets

Front 15

JAVMA 2011
Predictors of outcome in dogs treated with adjuvant carboplatin for appendicular OSA: 65 cases

Back 15

Med DFI=137d; MST=277d
1, 2, 3 year survival=36%, 22%, 19%
Preoperative proteinuria = assoc with poor outcome (MST149d vs. 372d)
Histo factors: Mitotic index >5/3hpf, grade III, vascular invasion associ with poor outcome

Front 16

JAAHA 2010
Rebhun Thamm
Multiple distinct malignancies in dogs: 53 cases.

Back 16

3% of 1722 cases dx w/ multiple distinct malignancies.
No breed or sex predilection.
Thyroid carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and MCT overrepresented.
33% dogs with thyroid carcinoma had another tumor!

Front 17

JAVMA 2010
Case control study to evaluate the risk factors for development of sepsis (neutropenia & fever) in dogs receiving chemotherapy.
Drobatz
Effect of sepsis on MST?
2 drugs commonly seen with sepsis
body weight?
drug exposure?
neoplasia type?

Back 17

Weigh less & LSA more likely to dev. sepsis compared to weigh more & solid tumors.
Septic dogs: more likely to receive Doxorubicin (OR12.5) or Vinc (OR 9)
72% in induction phase; 48% septic after first time with drug.
MST not diff between sepsis (253d) and no sepsis (371d)

Front 18

JAVMA 2010
Clinical relevance of serial determinations of lactate dehydrogenase activity used to predict recurrence in dogs with lymphoma.

Back 18

50 LSA dogs.
At completion of chemo and at 1 month after chemo with recurrence w/in 45 days was sig. higher (3/9 and 7/9); comp to dogs w/o recurrence (0/32 and 1/26). At 3 or 6 months, only 1 dog without recurrence within 45 days had incr LDH.
Incr LDH activity at time of diagnosis was not assoc w/ disease-free and survival intervals.
Conclusion: Incr LDH may indicate recurrence

Front 19

JVIM 2010
Evaluation of serum ferritin as a tumor marker for canine histiocytic sarcoma

Back 19

IMHA (94%), HS (89%), liver dz (79%), LSA (65%), inflammatory dz (40%) had hyperferritinemia.
>= 7,200 ng/mL = HS or IMAH (AUC 0.802)

Front 20

JVIM 2010
Phase I clinical trial & pharmacokinetics of mitomycin Cin dogs with localized TCC of the urinary bladder

Back 20

13 dogs.
MTD=700 μg/mL (1-h/d for 2 d).
2 dogs = severe myelosuppression
5 dogs = partial remission
7 dogs = stable disease

Front 21

JVIM 2006
Canine MCTs: Correlation of apoptosis and proliferation markers with prognosis

Back 21

AgNOR & Ki67 = prog. for MCTs
Grade 2 with Ki67 < 1.8 = longer 1, 2, 3 yr ST
Grade 2 with Ki67 >1.8 = much less ST

Front 22

JVIM 2009
Lin-Acc based modified radiosurgery tx of pituitary tumors in cats: 11 cases
MST? diabetic control? neuro signs?

Back 22

63% improved signs
5/9 with DM = better control
2/2 with neuro signs = improved
MST = 25 mo w/ 3/11 cats alive at follow-up

Front 23

JVIM 2007
Clinical and pharmacokinetic charaacteristics of intracavitary admin of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic HSA

Back 23

14 dogs
12 died of HSA (hepatic masses & hemoabd); 2 died of other causes
IP tx: less serosal, mesenteric, omental masses
Did not prevent recurrence of HSA; comparable to IV Dox

Front 24

Mastocytemia in cats: prevalence, detection, quantification methods, hetatological associ & potential implications in 30 cats w/ MCT.
Prog.?
BC vs. blood film?

Back 24

Assoc. with mast cell neoplasia (small % other neoplasia)
BC=best predictor but blood film better for assessing degree.
BC detected 30% that were missed on direct film.
Mastocytemia assoc. with anemia but can have good long term prog.

Front 25

JVIM 2006
Utility of PARR staging & prognosis in LSA dogs

Back 25

86 dogs
N=62 had PARR in LN & staged by PARR
27% PARR- in blood
73% PARR+ in blood
PARR corr with clinical stage.
PARR more Sn than cytology for detecting circulation tumor cells (80% stage3 were PARR+).
PARR stage not prog. for ST or DFI.

Front 26

JVIM 2009
Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of adjuvant Pamidronate with Palliative RT & IV Dox for canine appendicular OSA bone pain

Back 26

Pamidronate did not improve pain; mean duration of pain relief 75 vs 76 days.
For dogs with durable pain control (>112 days), decreased focal bone resorption in local microtumor environ.

Front 27

JVIM 2010
Cytotoxic Drug Residues in urine of dogs receiving anticancer chemotherapy

Back 27

Cyclophosphamide (d0)= 398.2 microg/L & undetectable (d1, d2, d3).
Vincristine (d0)= 53.8 microg/L & 20.2, 11.4, and 6.6 (d 1, 2, and 3).
Vinblastine (d0)= 144.9, 70.8 (d1), 35.6 (d2), and 18.7 microg/L (d3), low d7 levels.
Doxorubicin (d0)= 354.0, 165.6 (d1), 156.9 (d2), and 158.2 microg/L (d3), low d21 levels.

Front 28

JVIM 2009
Dow
Changes in Regulatory T cells in Dogs with Cancer & Assoc with Tumor Type

Back 28

Tregs:CD8+: Incr in dogs with cancer
Treg: Sig. incr in carcinomas comp to other tumors
2 dogs with T-cell LSA: Incr Treg: CD8+ ratio

Front 29

JVIM 2008
Eval of human recombinant tissue activated TEG in 49 dogs with neoplasia.

Back 29

36 dogs with cancer, 13 dogs with benign tumor
57% of dogs w/ neoplasia=hemostatic dysfxn
50% malignancies hypercoagulable; 17% hypocoagulable
All hypocoagulable dogs ==> metastatic dz

Front 30

JVIM 2007
Regulation of COX2 Expression in Canine Prostatic Carcinoma: Incr. COX-2 Expression is not related to inflammation

Back 30

24/28 COX-2 expression
inflammatory infiltrates in tissue => decr COX-2
TNFalpha: IL-6 stimulation => no incr. COX-2 expression in prostatic CA cells

Front 31

JVIM 2010
Immunohistochemistry detection of Retinoid Receptors in Tumors from 30 dogs with cutaneous LSA

Back 31

30 dogs with cutaneous LSA
29/30 CD3+ (T-cell LSA)
Found + retinoid receptors: RARbeta(87%), RARgamma(0%), RXRalpha(77%), RXRgamma(77%).
Concl: Retinoids may be considered useful for treating cutaneous LSA

Front 32

JVIM 2010
Monitoring of Min Residual Dz after multidrug chemotherapy & its correlation to outcome in dogs with LSA: a proof-of-concept study

Back 32

For MRD: PCRed rearranged Ig heavy chain or T-cell gamma chain receptors from LSA cells.
MRD gradually decreased after initiation of multidrug chemotherapy, nadir@weeks 4-17, and remained low until wk 25.
MRD at the end of chemotherapy = neg correlated with remission duration

Front 33

JAVMA 2011
Intra & Interobserver variability of board certified veterinary radiologists & vet. gen practitioners for pulmonary nodule detection in standard & inverted display mode images of digital thoracic rads of dogs.

Back 33

No sig. diff btwn 2 display modes
Accuracy & precision for board radiology > GP for both displays

Front 34

JVIM 2010
Decreased Ratios of CD8+ cells to Reg T cells associated with decr survival in dogs with OSA

Back 34

OSA: Decr circulating CD8+ cells & incr Treg cells
CD8+:Treg ratio decr in OSA dogs
CD8+:Treg ratio when decr is corr. with sig. shorter ST

Front 35

JVIM 2007
Lana Dow
Continuous low dose oral chemotherapy (LDC) for adjuvant treatment of splenic HSA in dogs

Back 35

9 dogs with stage2 splenic HSA
cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and piroxicam
MST and median DFI in dogs with LDC: 178 days.
DOX MST= 133 and DFI= 126 days

Front 36

JVIM 2008
Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibition by Imatinib Mesylate on MCT in dogs

Back 36

21 dogs with MCT gross tumor (1-25cm)
48% had some response to Gleevec within 14 days.
All 5 dogs with c-kit mutation in exon 11 responded to the drug (1 CR, 4 PR).
Response could not be predicted based on presence vs. absence of exon 11 of c-kit mutation.

Front 37

JVIM 2008
Clinicopathologic Feathers & outcome for dogs with mast cell tumor & bone marrow involvement.
BW changes?
Which drug helpful? MST?

Back 37

14 dogs with MCT and bone marrow
CBC: nonregen anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia common
4/14: circ mast cells
12/15: incr ALP
10/14: incr ALT
MST=43 days. Imatinib (3 dogs)=CR.
Lomustine 1/8 dogs = PR = NOT helpful.

Front 38

JVIM 2007
Clinical stage, therapy & prognosis in canine anal sac adenocarcinoma

Back 38

Neg prog indicators:
1. lack of tx
2. distant mets
3. LN mets
4. primary tumor site
LN extirpation = + prog indicator

Front 39

JVIM 2008
Comparison of 5 different bone resorption markers in OSA bearing dogs, normal dogs, dogs with orthopedic disease

Back 39

N-telopeptide (NTx), urine and serum C-telopeptide (CTx), and urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD)
OSA (n = 20), ortho (n = 20), healthy (n = 22)
urine NTx, serum NTx, and serum CTx concentrations were sig. incr in OSA.
urine NTx, serum NTx did not overlap 95% confidence interval with ortho dz or healthy

Front 40

JVIM 2009
Asparaginase & MOPP tx of dogs with LSA (T cell or hypercalcemia)

Back 40

50 dogs with T cell or hypercalcemic LSA
Response rate 98% (78% CR 20% PR)
Med PFS= 189d, 25% PFS= 939d
MST=270d w/ 25% MST= 939d
Incr ST for T-cell vs. CHOP?

Front 41

JVIM 2007
Expression of RANK-L (receptor activation of nuclear factor K-B ligand) in neoplasms of dogs cats

Back 41

RANK-L:
32/44 canine
5/6 feline

Front 42

JVIM 2010
Evaluation of microsatellite instability in urine for dx of TCC of the lower urinary tract in dogs

Back 42

MSI: 48% of TCC dogs in urine, 24% of control animals
MSI Sen=48% Sp=76%
*Veterinary bladder tumor analyte (V-BTA) is better screening: Sn=83%, Sp=64%

Front 43

JVIM 2010
Drug residues in serum of dogs receiving chemotherapy

Back 43

Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, vinblastine, doxorubicin
Handling blood 7 days post tx = no health hazard

Front 44

JAVMA 2010
CT Features in oral SCC in cats
prognostic indicator?

Back 44

MC: sublingual & maxillary locations
Osteolysis common
Results of CT not correlated with ST

Front 45

JAVMA 2006
Survival time in dogs with Stage 3 OSA that undergo treatment: 90 cases

Back 45

MST = 76 d
Palliative RT & chemo = Sig incr ST = 130 d vs. other tx gr.
Sx & chemo = 72 d
Sx alone = 3 d
Bony mets offered incr. ST vs. soft tissue mets

Front 46

JFMS 2011
Hartmann
Incidence of persistent viremia & latent feline leukemia virus infection in cats with LSA

Back 46

77 LSA cats: 61 FeLV-, 16 FeLV+
blood and BM PCR for FeLV (long terminal repeats for envelope); BM IH
None of the antigen-negative cats with LSA was infected with latent FeLV.
The prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats with lymphoma was 20.8% - rare cause of LSA