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270 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Assisted Living Facility
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Provides housing, personal care, support services, health care, and activities in home-like setting.
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Board and Care Home
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Provides rooms, meals, laundry, and supervision to a few independent residents, often in a home setting; residential care facility.
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Case Management
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A nursing care pattern; a case manager (RN) coordinates a person's care from admission through discharge and into the home setting.
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Deconditioning
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The process of becoming weak from illness or lack of exercise.
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Functional Nursing
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A nursing care pattern focusing on tasks and jobs; each nursing team member has certain tasks and jobs to do.
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Hospice
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A health care agency or program for persons who are dying.
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Interdisciplinary Health Care Team
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The many health care workers whose skills and knowledge focus on the person's total care; health team.
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Nursing Center
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Provides health care and nursing care to persons who need regular or continuous care; licensed nurses are required; nursing home or nursing facility.
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Nursing Team
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Those who provide nursing care-RN's, LPN's and nursing assistants.
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Ombudsman
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Someone who supports or promotes the needs and interests of another person.
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OBRA
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
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A federal law that requires nursing centers to provide care in a manner and in a setting that maintains or improves each person's quality of life, health, and safety.
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Primary Nursing
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A nursing care pattern; an RN is responsible for the person's total care.
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Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF)
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Provides health care and nursing care for residents who have many or severe health problems or who need rehabilitation; may be part of a nursing center or a hospital.
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Team Nursing
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A nursing care pattern; a team of nursing staff is led by an RN who decides the amount and kind of care each person needs.
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DON
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Director Of Nursing
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Assault
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Intentionally attempting or threatening to touch a person's body without the person's consent.
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Battery
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Touching a person's body without his or her consent.
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Ethics
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Knowledge of what is right conduct and wrong conduct.
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Libel
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Making false statements in print, writing, or through pictures or drawing.
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Standard Of Care
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The skills, care, and judgments required by a health team member under similar conditions.
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Tort
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A wrong committed against a person or person's property.
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Nurse Practice Act
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Regulates nursing practice in that state. Protects public from unsafe nursing and one's that do not meet state's requirements.
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OBRA Training Requirements For CNA
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75 hours of instruction and 16 hours of supervised training. Differ in some states.
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Empathy
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Seeing things from the person's point of view. Putting yourself in the person's place.
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Preceptor
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Staff member who guides another member in learning centers layout and answers questions about policy and procedure.
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Stressor
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The event or factor that causes stress.
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Need
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Something necessary or desired for maintaining life and mental well-being.
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Esteem
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The worth, value, or opinion one has of a person.
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Holism
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Considers the whole person.
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Optimal Level Of Function
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A person's highest potential for mental and physical performance.
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Paraphrasing
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Restating the person's message in your own words.
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Self-Esteem
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Thinking of well of oneself and seeing oneself as having value.
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Self Actualization
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Experiencing one's potential.
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Abraham Maslow Theory
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Basic needs arranged in order of importance.
1. Physical or Physiological Needs 2. Safety and Security Needs 3. Love and Belonging needs 4. Self-esteem needs 5. Need for self-actualization |
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Open-Ended Questions
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Invite a person to share thoughts, feelings, or ideas.
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Artery
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Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
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Capillary
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A tiny blood vessel; food, oxygen, and other substances pass from the capillaries to the cells.
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Cell
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Basic unit of body structure.
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Hemoglobin
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The substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood it color.
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Hormone
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Chemical substance secreted by the endocrine glands into the bloodstream.
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Metabolism
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The burning of food for heat and energy by the cells.
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Peristalsis
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Involuntary muscle contractions in the digestive system that move food down the esophagus through the alimentary canal.
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Vein
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Blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.
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Cell Membrane
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The outer covering that encloses the cell and help hold it shape.
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Nucleus
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Center of cell and directs the cell's activities.
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Cytoplasm
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Surrounds the nucleus.
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Epithelial Tissue
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Covers internal and external body surfaces. Tissue lining the nose, mouth, respiratory tract, stomach, and intestines.
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Connective Tissue
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Anchors, connects, and supports other tissues.
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Epidermis
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Outer layer of skin.
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Dermis
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Inner layer of skin.
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Long Bones
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Bears the body's weight. e.g. leg bones
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Short Bones
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Allow skill and ease in movement. e.g. fingers, toes
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Flat Bones
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Protect the organs. e.g. rib, shoulder blades.
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Irregular Bones
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Vertebrae in spinal column.
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Synovial Membrane
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Lines the joints and secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joints.
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3 Types of Joints
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1. Ball and Socket
2. Hinge Joint 3. Pivot Joint |
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Voluntary Muscles
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Consciously Controlled muscles
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Involuntary Muscles
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Muscles that work automatically.
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Consists of brain and spinal cord.
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Involves nerves throughout the body.
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3 Main Parts of Brain
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Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
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Master Gland
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Pituitary gland
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Dysphagia
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Difficulty swallowing.
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Dyspnea
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Difficult, labored, or painful breathing.
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Geriatrics
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Care of aging people.
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Gerontology
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Study of the aging process.
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Young-Old
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Between age 65 - 74 years of age.
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Old
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Between 75 - 84 years of age.
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Old - Old
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85 years of age or older.
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Dementia
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The loss of cognitive and social function caused by changes in the brain.
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Hemiplegia
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Paralysis on one side of the body.
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Paraplegia
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Paralysis and loss of functions in legs.
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Quadraplegia
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Paralysis and loss of function in the arms, legs, and trunk.
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FBAO
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Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction
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Chest Thrust
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Thrusts done on obese or pregnant woman who are choking.
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Heimlich Maneuver
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Used to relieve severe airway obstruction with abdominal thrust.
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MSDS
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Material Safety Data Sheet. Provides detail about substance.
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OSHA
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Occupational Safety And Health Administration.
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What does R.A.C.E mean when there is a fire?
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Rescue
Alarm Confine Extinguish |
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How to use a fire extinguisher.
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PASS
Pull safety pin Aim Low Squeeze the lever Sweep back and forth |
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Gait Belt or Transfer Belt
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Device used to support a person who is unsteady or disabled.
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Where do most falls occur?
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Residents room or bathroom.
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What time do most falls occur?
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Between 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.
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Active Physical Restraint
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A Restraint attached to a person's body and to a fixed object; it restricts freedom of movement or body access.
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Passive Physical Restraint
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A restraint near but not attached to the person's body; it doesn't totally restrict freedom of movement.
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True or False
Restraints are used for a persons best interest and staff convenience? |
False.
Can Only be used when necessary to treat a person's medical symptoms and has to be ordered by a Doctor. |
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Asepsis
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Being free of disease-producing microbes.
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Clean Technique
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Medical Asepsis; Practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to prevent their spread from one person or place to another.
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Non-Pathogen
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A microbe that does not usually cause an infection.
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Microorganism
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Small living plant or animal seen only with a microscope; a microbe
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Normal Flora
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Microbes that live and grow in a certain area.
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Pathogen
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A microbe that is harmful and can cause an infection.
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Reservoir
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The environment in which a microbe lives and grows; host.
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Spore
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A bacterium protected by a hard shell.
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Sterile
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The absence of all microbes.
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Sterile Field
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A work area free of all pathogens and non-pathogens including spores. Surgical Asepsis.
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5 Types of Microbes
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Bacteria
Fungi Protozoa Ricettsiae Viruses |
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MDRO
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Multidrug-resistant organisms; resist the effect of antibiotics.
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MRSA
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. e.g. staph infection
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VRE
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; found in intestines and present in feces.
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HAI
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Healthcare-associated infection or Nosocomial infection; infection aquired in health care agency.
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Why should you practice hand hygiene before and after care?
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Hand hygiene is the easiest and most important way to prevent the spread of infection.
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PPE
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Bloodborne Pathogens
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Pathogens present in human blood that can cause disease in humans; e.g. HBV or HIV
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HBV
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Hepatitis B Virus
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HIV
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Human immunodeficiency virus
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OPIM
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Other potentially infectious materials
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Parenteral
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Piercing mucous membranes or skin barrier through needle sticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions.
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True or False
The one inch margin around the sterile field is considered contaminated? |
True
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Base of Support
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The area on which an object rests.
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Body Alignment
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The way the head, trunk, arms, and legs are aligned with one another; posture.
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Body Mechanics
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Using the body in an efficient and careful way.
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Dorsal Recumbent Position
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Back laying or supine position.
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Ergonomics
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The science of designing a job to fit the worker.
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Fowler's Position
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A semi-setting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees.
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Lateral Position
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The side-lying position
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Prone Position
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Lying on the abdomen with the head turned to one side.
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Semi-Prone Side Position
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Sims' position.
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Sims Position
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A left side-lying position in which the upper leg (right leg) is sharply flexed so it is not o the lower (left leg) and the lower arm (left arm) is behind the person.
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Supine Position
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Back lying position or dorsal recumbent position.
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What muscles should you use when moving residents or heavy objects?
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Strongest and largest muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips and thighs.
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Pressure Ulcers
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An injury from unrelieved pressure that damages the skin and underlying tissues. e.g. bed sore, pressure sore.
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Contracture
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The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle.
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What position do persons with heart and respiratory disorder usually breath easier in?
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Fowler's Position
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How do you position a person in a chair?
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A persons back and buttocks are against the back of the chair, feet are flat on the ground, knees and calves are slightly away from edge of seat.
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True or False
Always put a pillow behind the back if a restraint is used? |
False
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Friction
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Rubbing of one surface against another.
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Logrolling
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Turning the person as a unit, in alignment, with one motion.
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Shearing
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When skin sticks to a surface while muscles slide in the direction the body is moving.
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What are the 5 Levels of Dependence?
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Code 0- independent
Code 1- Supervision Code 2- Limited Assistance Code 3- Extensive Assistance Code 4- Total Dependence |
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Dangle
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Sitting on the side of the bed for 1 to 5 minutes before walking.
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True or False
You should position the person strong side near the bed when transferring patient from chair to bed? |
True
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True or False
To safely transfer a patient with a mechanical lift only one worker is needed? |
False
at least 2 workers are needed. |
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Full Visual Privacy
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To be completely free from public view while in bed.
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Reverse Trendelenburg's Position
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Head of bed is raised, and the foot of the bed is lowered.
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Trendelenburg's Position
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The head of the bed is lowered and the foot of the bed is raised.
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OBRA requires nursing homes to maintain what temperature range?
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71*F to 81*F
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7 Entrapment zones of hospital beds.
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Zone 1-Within Bed rails
Zone 2-Between the top of the mattress and bottom of the bed rails and between the supports. Zone 3-Between rails and mattress Zone 4-Between end of bed rail and mattress. Zone 5-Between split bed rails Zone 6-Between end of bed rail and headboard Zone 7-Between the headboard and end of the mattress. |
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True or False
You can use the over bed table for bedpans, urinals, and soiled linens as long as you clean the table when done? |
False
Only clean and sterile items are placed on the over bed table. |
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Closed Bed
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A bed that is not in use until bedtime. This bed is also used for a new resident. Top linens are not folded back.
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Open Bed
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A bed in use. Top linens are fan folded back so the person can get into bed.
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Occupied Bed
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A bed made with a person in it.
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Surgical Bed
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Is a bed made to transfer a person from a stretcher or by persons who arrive by ambulance. Also called a recovery or postoperative bed.
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AM Care
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Early morning care. Before breakfast
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Aspiration
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Breathing fluid, food or an object into the lungs.
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Perineal Care
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Cleaning the genital and anal areas; pericare.
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Evening Care
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PM care.
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Morning Care
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Is care given after breakfast.
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True or False
Oral care is given to an unconscious person every 4 hours? |
False
Every 2 |
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Complete Bed Bath
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Washing the person's entire body in bed.
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Partial Bath
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Washing face, hands, underarms, back, buttocks and perineal area.
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True or False
A tub bath should last no longer than 20 minutes? |
True
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Water temperature for a bed bath should be?
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110*F to 115*F for adults
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Water temperature for perineal care should be?
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109*F
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Alopecia
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Hair Loss
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Anticoagulant
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A drug that prevents or slows down blood clotting.
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Hirsutism
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Excessive body hair.
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Pediculosis
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Lice
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Pediculosis Capitis
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Lice infestation of the scalp
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Pediculosis Corporis
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Lice infestation of the body.
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Pediculosis Pubis
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Infestation of the pubic hair with lice.
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True or False
Remove clothing from the strong side first? |
True
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True or False
Put clothing on the weak side first? |
True
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Catheter
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Tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening.
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Dysuria
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Painful or difficult urination.
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Incontinence
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Loss of bladder control.
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Hematuria
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Blood in urine.
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Foley Catheter
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Indwelling catheter or retention catheter.
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Micturition
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Urination or voiding
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Nocturia
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Frequent urination at night.
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Oliguria
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Scant amount of urine. less than 500 cc in 24 hours.
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Ostomy
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Surgically created opening
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Polyuria
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Abnormally large amounts of urine
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Stoma
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Artificial opening
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Straight catheter
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Catheter that drains the bladder then removed
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Urostomy
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The diversion of urine away from the bladder through a surgically created opening in the skin.
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A healthy adult produces how many Pints of urine a day?
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3 pints or 1500 cc
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Residual Urine
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Urine left in the bladder after a person voids.
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Hemodialysis
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Removes waste and fluid by filtering the blood through an artificial kidney
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Peritoneal Dialysis
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Uses the lining of the abdominal cavity to remove waste and fluid from the blood.
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Colostomy
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Surgically created opening between the colon and abdominal wall.
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Constipation
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Passage of a hard, dry stool.
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Defecation
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Process of excreting feces from rectum through anus. Bowel movement
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Enema
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Introduction of fluid into lower colon through rectum.
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Fecal Impaction
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Prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum.
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Fecal Incontinence
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Inability to control the passage of feces and gas through the anus.
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Flatulence
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Excessive formation of gas or air in the colon the is expelled through the anus.
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Flatus
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Gas or air passed through anus.
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Ileostomy
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Surgically created opening between the ileum (small intestines) and the abdominal wall.
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When a nurse removes a fecal mass with a gloved finger this is called?
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Digital removal of an impaction.
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Calorie
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The amount of energy produced when the body burns food.
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DV
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Daily value. How a serving fits into a daily diet.
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Edema
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Swelling of body tissues with water.
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Graduate
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A measuring container for fluid.
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How much sodium should a person have in a day?
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No more than 1500 mg
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What temperature should hot foods be?
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140*F
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What temperature should refrigerator temperature be?
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40*F
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Dysphagia Diet
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The food thickness is changed to meet the person's swallowing needs.
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How much water does an adult need daily to survive?
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6 to 8 cups
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Intake and Output (I&O)
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All fluids in or out the body is measured and recorded.
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1 ounce equals how many cc's?
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30
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500 cc's equals how many pints?
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1 pint
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1 quart equals how many cc's?
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1000cc
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Food must be served within how many minutes?
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15 minutes
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True or False
Always use a fork to feed residents? |
False
Teaspoons are used to prevent injury and a teaspoon should only be filled a third of the way full when feeding a patient. |
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Enteral Nutrition
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Giving nutrients into the GI tract through a feeding tube.
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Flow Rate
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Number of drops per minute.
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Gastrostomy Tube
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Tube surgically inserted into stomach
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Gavage
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Giving a tube feeding
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Lavage
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Removing liquid from the stomach.
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IV
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Intravenous Therapy
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Nasogastric Tube (NG)
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Feeding tube inserted through the nose into the stomach.
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Nasointestinal Tube
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Feeding tube inserted through the nose into the small intestines
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Parenteral Nutrition
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Giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein.
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PEG Tube
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Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy. Feeding tube inserted though the stomach. A lighted instrument is used to see inside the body cavity.
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Regurgitation
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Backward flow of stomach contents into the mouth.
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Opened formula can remain at room temperature for how many hours?
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4 hours
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An RN should check the feeding tube placement every____hours?
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4 hours
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To prevent regurgitation what position is a person put in before feeding?
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Fowler's or semi-Fowler's position
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Oral hygiene should be done on a person with feeding tubes every ____ hours?
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2 hours
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Clean the nose and nostrils of a patient that is on a feeding tube every ___ to ___ hours?
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4 to 8 Hours
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NPO
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Nothing by Mouth
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TPN
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Total Parenteral Nutrition. Giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein.
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To check flow rate of an IV you count for ___ seconds then multiply by 2 or count for __ minute?
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30 seconds or 1 minute
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Abduction
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Moving body parts away from mid line of body.
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Adduction
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Moving body parts toward the mid line of the body.
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Ambulation
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Act of walking
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Atrophy
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Decrease in size or wasting away of tissue.
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Dorsiflextion
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Bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
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Extension
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Straightening a body part.
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External Rotation
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Turning the joint outward.
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Flexion
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Bending a body part.
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Hyperextension
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Excessive straightening of a body part.
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Internal Rotation
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Turning the joint inward.
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Orthostatic hypotension
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Abnormally low blood pressure when a person stands up.
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Planter Flexion
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The foot is bent down at the ankle.
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Pronation
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Turning the joint downward.
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ROM
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Range of Motion
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Supination
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Turning the joint upward
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Syncope
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Brief loss of consciousness, fainting
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Apical-Radial Pulse
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Taking apical-radial pulse at the same time.
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Blood pressure
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Amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by blood.
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Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats a minute
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Diastolic Pressure (Bottom Number)
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Pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest.
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Pulse Deficit
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Difference between the apical and radial pulse rates.
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Sphygmomanometer
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Cuff and measuring device to measure blood pressure.
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Systolic Pressure (Top Number)
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Amount of force to pump blood out of the heart.
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Tachycardia
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Rapid heart rate.
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Vital Signs
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Temperature, pulse, respiration's, blood pressure.
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Normal Oral temperature range?
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97.6 to 99.6 Take for 2 to 3 minutes
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Normal Rectal temperature range?
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98.6 to 100.6 Take for 2 to 3 minutes
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Normal Axillary (underarm) temperature range?
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96.6 to 98.6 Take for 5 to 10 minutes
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Healthy Adults have ___ to ___ respiration's a minute?
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12 to 20
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Normal Blood Pressure range is?
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100/60 to 138/88
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Normal pulse rate range is?
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60 to 100 a minute
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After a person sit or lies down you should wait __ to __ minutes before measuring blood pressure?
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10 to 20 minutes
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If not sure of blood pressure accuracy wait __ to __ seconds before repeating the measurement.
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30 to 60 seconds
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Acetone
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Substance that appears in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy. Ketone
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Glucosuria
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Sugar in urine
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Hemoptysis
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Bloody sputum
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Melena
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Black, tarry stool
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Random Urine Specimen
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Is collected for a routine urinalysis can be collected any time during a 24 hour period.
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Midstream Specimen
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Person starts to void then stops and sterile container is positioned then person voids into container. Also known as clear-voided specimen or clean-catch specimen
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24 Hour Urine Specimen
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All urine is collected in a 24 hour period. It is kept chilled to prevent microbe growth
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Double-Voided Specimen (Fresh-Fractional urine)
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The bladder is emptied then 30 minutes later the person voids again. 2nd voiding is collected and is usually small or fractional amount. Used to test glucose and ketones.
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The best time to take a sputum specimen is?
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On awakening
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A sputum specimen is needed you should ask the person to rinse the mouth with______?
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Clear water
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1 Cubic Centimeter equals?
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1 ml or cc
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30 CC equals?
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1 oz.
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