Certification

Front 1

adnexa

Back 1

the tissues and structures surrounding the eye

Front 2

Internal Hordeoulem

Back 2

infected meiboniam gland

Front 3

ischemia

Back 3

severe reduction in the blood supply to amy part of the body

Front 4

hypoxia

Back 4

loss of oxygen

Front 5

neoplasm

Back 5

new growth of different or abnormal tissue

Front 6

orbital cellulitis

Back 6

diffuse infection of the tissues in the orbit resulting in decreased visual acuity, pain with eye movement.

Front 7

Ectropian

Back 7

lid margin turns outward

Front 8

Entropian

Back 8

lid margins turns inward

Front 9

lagophthalmos

Back 9

the globe is not completely covered by the eyelids

Front 10

hypopyon

Back 10

pus accumulates in the anterior chamber

Front 11

hyphema

Back 11

blood accumulates in the anterior chamber

Front 12

rubeosis iridis

Back 12

causes bleeding into the anterior chamber or may obstruct the angle cause angle closure glaucoma. the iris may develop a reddish color

Front 13

Endophthalmitis

Back 13

infection of the vitreous and adjacent tissue by bacteria accidentally introduced through injury and can destroy an eye

Front 14

papilledema

Back 14

swelling of the optic disc with engorged blood vessels due to optic nerve compression.

Front 15

Describe how the eye converts light rays to a perceived image, naming the principle structures involved in the process.

Back 15

Light ray pass through the optical system of the eye; the cornea and lens invert the image so that when it hits the photo receptors of the retina it is upside down. The light sensitive cells of the retina convert the image to electrical impulses that are carried to the brain via the optical nerve. The visual cortex of the brain interpret the electrical impulses producing the sensation of sight.

Front 16

Name the 3 layers of tear film and their function.

Back 16

The innermost layer of the tear film is made of a sticky fluid called mucin made from goblets cells that promotes even spread over the cornea. The middle layer called aqueous provides moisture, oxygen, and nutrients to the cornea. The outer lipid layer helps prevent evaporation of the tear film.

Front 17

Name the 5 layers of the cornea and their functions.

Back 17

1. Epithelium - serves as first line of defense against infection/injury.

2. Bowman's membrane - anchors the epithelium.

3. Stroma - contributes rigidity.

4. Descemet's membrane - contributes rigidity.

5. endothelium - maintains proper fluid balance.

Front 18

Describe the course of aqueous humor into and out of the eye, naming the principle ocular structures involved.

Back 18

Aqueous is produced behind the iris. It flows through the pupil into the anterior chamber. To leave the eye it passes through the trabecular meshwork that filters the fluid and controls the rate of flow . It then drains through the canal of Schlemm to return to general circulation.

Front 19

Name the 3 main structures of uveal tract.

Back 19

1. Iris - controls amount of light.

2. ciliary body - secretes aqueous humor and hold the crystalline lens.

3.choroid - supply blood to the retina.

Front 20

How are the functions of the 2 types of photoreceptor cells different?

Back 20

The rods are responsible for vision in low light and peripheral vision; the cones provide sharp central vision and the perception of color.

Front 21

Describe how he retina works to produce sight.

Back 21

Light stimulates the rods and cones in the retina, they generate electrical impulses which are relayed too the bipolar cells laying above the photoreceptor cells. The nerve impulses then pass to the ganglion cells which possess long fiber like axons which converge at the optic nerve head and leave the eye through the optic nerve into the visual cortex of the brain which interprets the signals .