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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4th ventricle boundaries?
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• 4th ventricle has lateral boundaries, a roof, and a floor
○ Lateral boundaries § Are formed on each side by the superior cerebellar peduncle § The inferior cerebellar peduncle § The cuneate and gracilis tubercles ○ Roof § Formed by laminae of white matter § Foramen of Magendie aperture is at lower side □ CSF comes out of this foramen into subarachnoid space surrounding brain □ Its blockage can cause one of 2 types of hydrocephalus! ○ Floor § Also called rhomboid fossa cause it is in the shape of a…..rhomboid! § Formed by dorsal surface of pons and medulla oblongata • Circulation: ○ CSF reaches subarachnoid space by 2 lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka) and 1 medial aperture (foramen of Magendie). |
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What are the three cortexes?
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neocortex - 6 layered, isocortex; homogenetic cortex
allocortex (heterogenetic cortex) - is three layered and includes 2 types: archicortex - includes hippocampus and dentate gyrus paleocortex - includes olfactory cortex |
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What are 6 layers of neocortex?
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molecular layer
external granular layer external pyramidal layer internal granular layer internal pyramidal layer multiform layer |
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Primary somatosensory cortex?
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areas 3,1,2
-located in postcentral gyrus and in posterior part of paracentral lobule -receives input from ventral posterior nucleus -contributes to corticospinal tract |
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somatosensory association cortex?
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superior parietal lobule (areas 5 and 7)
-receives input from areas 3,1,2. Area 7 receives visual input from area 19 |
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supramarginal gyrus?
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area 40
-interrelates somatosensory, auditory, and visual input (multimodal sensory stimuli) |
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primary visual cortex
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area 17
-is located in occipital lobe in both banks of calcarine sulcus -receives input from lateral geniculate body |
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secondary and tertiary visual cortices?
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include areas 18 and 19 of occipital lobe
-lesions may result in visual hallucinations |
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visual association cortex?
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angular gyrus (areas 39)
-receives input from areas 18 and 19 |
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primary auditory cortex?
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areas 41 and 42
-is located in transverse gyri of Heschl -receives input from medial geniculate body |
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auditory association cortex
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area 22
-located in osterior part of superior temporal gyrus -inclused Wernicke speech area -inclused planum temporale (part of Wernicke speech area), which is larger in the dominant hemisphere |
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Gustatory cortex
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area 43
-is located in parietal operculum and parainsular cortex -receives taste input from VPM nucleus of thalamus |
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Vestibular cortex
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area 2
-is located in postcentral gyrus -receives input from ventral posteroinferior (VPI) and VPL nuclei of thalamus |
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primary motor cortex
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area 4
-is located in precentral gyrus and in anterior part of paracentral lobule -contributes to corticospinal tract -contains giant cells of betz in layer V |
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premotor cortex
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area 6
-is located anterior to precentral gyrus -contributes to corticospinal tract -plays role in control of proximal and axial muscles, it prepares motor cortex for specific movements in advance of their execution |
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supplementary motor cortex
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area 6
-is located on medial surface of hemisphere anterior to paracentral lobule -contributes to corticospinal tract -plays a role in programming complex motor sequences and in coordinating bilateral movements; it regulates somatosensory input into motor cortex |
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frontal eye field
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area 8
-is located in posteiror part of middle frontal gyrus |
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prefrontal cortex
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areas 9-12
-extends from area 6 to frontal pole (area 10) -has recriprical connections with mediodorsal nucleus of thalamu |
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broca speech area
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area 44 and 45
-is located in posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus in dominant hemisphere -is connected to wernicke speech area by the arcuate fasciulus |
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wernicke speech area
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area 22
- is located in posterior part of superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere -is connected to broca speech area by arcuate fasciculus |
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arcuate fasciculus
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-underlies supramarginal gyrus (area 40) and the frontoparietal operculum
-connects audiovisual association areas (areas 22,39, and 40) with broca speech area (areas 44 and 45) |
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Corpus Callosum
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-interconnects corresponding hemispheric areas
-does not contain commissural fibers from hand region of the motor or sensory strips, or from striate cortex -receives blood supply from anterior cerebral artery and posteior cerebral artery; the splenium is perfused by posterior cerebral artery |
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What is frontal lobe generally concerned with?
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intellectual functions such as reasoning, and abstract thinking, aggression, sexual behavior, oflaction, articulation of meaningful sound (speech), and voluntary movements (precentral gyrus)
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What is parietal lobe generally concerned with?
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body sensory awareness, including taste (postcentral gyrus), the use of symbols for communication (language), abstract reasoning (math), and body imaging
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What is temporal lobe concerned with>
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party limbic, deals with formaion of emotions (love, anger, aggression, compulsion, sexual behavior)
non-limbic portion deals with interpretation of language and awareness and discrimination of sound (hearing; auditory area). constitutes major memory processing area |
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what is occipital lobe concerned with?
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receiving, interpreting, and discriminating visual stimuli from optic trac and associating those visual impulses with other cortical areas (memory)
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