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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Largest part of the brain |
Cerebrum |
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Occupies the anterior and middle cranial fossa of the skull |
Cerebrum |
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Forms central core |
Diencephalon |
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Forms the cerebral hemisphere |
Telencephalom |
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Consists of the third ventricle and its boundaries, extending anterior to interventricular foramina and posteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct |
Diencephalon |
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Midline structure with symmetrical g Halves |
Diencephalon |
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Only area exposed in an intact brain of the diencephalon |
Inferior surface |
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Formed by the: Hypothalamus, optic chiasma, optic tract, infundibulum, tuber cineriem, mammillary bodies |
Inferior area of the diencephalon |
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Concealed by the fornix (thick bundle of fibers coming from hippocampus of the temporal lobe) |
Superior surface of the diencephalon |
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Formed by the: Roof of the third ventricle, tela choroidea of the 3rd ventricle, choroid plexus of the 3rd ventrucle |
Diencephalon |
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Formed by the internal capsule of white matter |
Lateral surface of the diencephalon |
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Nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with other parts of the brain stem and SC |
Lateral surface of the diencephalon |
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Formed by: Medial surface of the thalamus Inferiorly by the hypothalamus Stria medullaris |
Medial surface of the diencephalon |
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Bundle of afferent fibers to the habenular nucleus, forming a ridge on the superior margin of the medial surface of diencephalon |
Stria medullaris |
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Diencephalon is divided into |
Thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus |
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2 layered fold of the pia mater |
Tela choidea |
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Lies between the fornix and roof of the third ventricle and upper surfaces of the thalami |
Tela choidea |
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Composed of myelinated fibers and constitute efferent system of the hippocampus |
Fornix |
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Nerve fibers of fornix first form it, thin layer of white matter in the ventricular surface of the hippocampus |
Alveus |
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Converge to form fimbria |
Tela choidea |
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2 slides arches over the thalamus and corpus callosum |
fimbria |
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Serves as cell station to the main sensory systems (except for the olfactory pathway) |
Thalamus |
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Lateral surface of the thalamus, important band of white matter (abundance of corticospinal tracts) |
Internal capsule |
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2 thalami connected to each other by a band of gray matter |
Interthalamic adhesion |
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Thin layer covering on superior surface |
Stratum zonale |
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Covering on lateral surface |
External medullary lamina |
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Divides one thalamus into a medial and lateral halves (white mater) |
Internal medullary lamina |
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Concerned with emotional tone, and mechanisms of recent memory |
Anterior thalamic nuclei |
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Responsible for integration of large sensory information including somatic, visceral and olfactory; and correlation of these information to emotions and subjective states |
Dorsomedial nucleus |
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Lateral part of the thalamus divided into: |
Ventral group and dorsal group |
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Ventral group nuclei divided to 3 |
Ventral anterior Ventral lateral Venrral posterior |
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Influences activities in the motor cortex |
Ventral anterior |
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Influences activities in the motor cortex and cerebellum and minor input from the red nucleus |
Ventral lateral |
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Ventral posterior is divided to: |
Ventral posterior medial Ventral posterolateral |
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Receives input from ascending trigeminal and gustatory taste pathways |
Ventral posterior medial |
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Receives input from ascending sensory tracts (medial and spinal lemnisci) |
Ventral posterolateral |
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Connections with thalamic nuclei, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes |
Dorsal group |
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Posterior part of the thalamus under the pulvinar. Receives auditory input from ears |
Medial geniculate body |
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Undersurface of the pulvinar. Receives visual info from the opposite field of vision |
Lateral geniculate body |
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Next to the third ventricle and interthalamic adhesion. Receives input from reticular formation. Function unknown |
Midline nuclei |
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Lacated within the intenal medullart lamina. |
Intralaminar nuclei |
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Infliences consciousness and level of alertness (reticular formation, cerebral cortex, spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts) |
Intralaminar nuclei |
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Receives input from reticular formation. Function unknown |
Midline nuclei |
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Receives visual info from the opposite field of vision |
Lateral geniculate body |
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Receives auditory input from ears |
Medial geniculate body |
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Located between external medullary lamina and internal capsule |
Reticular nucleus |
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Related to mechanism by which cerebral cortex regulates thalamic activity |
Reticular nucleus |
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Related to voluntary movement |
Ventral anterior and ventral lateral |
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Taste and ascending trigeminal pathways |
Ventral posteromedial nucleus |
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Sensory ascending pathway |
Ventral posterolateral nucleus |
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Auditory |
Medial geniculate body |
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Vision |
Lateral geniculate body |
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Subjective feeling |
Dorsomedial |
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Consciousness and level of alertness |
Intralaminar |
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Attention |
Pulvinar |
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Every nucleus (except for reticular nucleus) sends nerve fibers to the cerebral cortex and vice versa indicating that info. Received by the thalamus is relayed onto the cerebral cortex. True or false |
True |
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Thalamus is an important sensory-motor relay station for the cerebellum and basal nuclei necessary for voluntary movements. True or false |
True |
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Inferior to the thalamus; related to the hypothalamus |
Subthalamus |
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Collection of nerve cells found are red nucleus and substantia nigra |
Subthalamus |
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Contains superior ends of medial, spinal and trigeminal lemnisci tracts |
Subthalamus |
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Small group of neuron, located medial to the posterior surface of the thalamus |
Habenular nucleus |
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Center for integration of olfactory, visceral and somatic afferent pathways |
Habenular nucleus |
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Nerve fibers that crosses the midline in the superior part of the pineal talk |
Habenular commissure |
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Associated to Habenular nuclei which receive many afferent from the amygdaloid and hiplocampus |
Habenular commissure |
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Thalamus |
Tela choidea Fornix Pulvinar Internal capsule Stratum zonale External medullary lamina Internal medullary lamina Anterior thalamic nuclei Dorsomedial nucleus Medial geniculate body Lateral geniculate body Midline nuclei Intralaminar nuclei Reticular nucleus |
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Subthalamus |
Habenular nucleus Pineal gland stria medullaris
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No nerve cells, has cervical sympathetic fibers |
Pineal gland |
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Important endocrine gland that influences function of the pituitary gland, islets the langerhans of the pancreas, parathyroids, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla and gonads |
Pineal gland |
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Produces secretion that gets carried to target organs via the bloodstream or CSF |
Pineal gland |
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Secretes hormone called melatonin, produced by pinealocytes |
Pineal gland |
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Rises in darkness and falls during day time |
melatonin |
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Plays a role in sleep and reproductive function regulation |
Pineal gland |
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Main action is inhibition of production of hormones |
Pineal gland |
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Would explain less sexual drive during sleep (increase melatonin) and increase (decrease melatonin) as day time comes |
Pineal gland |
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Afferent fibers from septa nuclei to the habenula |
Stria medullaris |
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Although only 0.3% of the total brain, this is a very important part of CNS |
Hypothalamus |
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Controls the function of the ANS and endocrine system |
Hypothalamus |
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Plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis |
Hypothalamus |
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Regulates body temperature and body fluids |
Hypothalamus |
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Controls drives to eat, drink, sexual behavior and emotion |
Hypothalamus |