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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Largest part of the brain

Cerebrum

Occupies the anterior and middle cranial fossa of the skull

Cerebrum

Forms central core

Diencephalon

Forms the cerebral hemisphere

Telencephalom

Consists of the third ventricle and its boundaries, extending anterior to interventricular foramina and posteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct

Diencephalon

Midline structure with symmetrical g


Halves

Diencephalon

Only area exposed in an intact brain of the diencephalon

Inferior surface

Formed by the:


Hypothalamus, optic chiasma, optic tract, infundibulum, tuber cineriem, mammillary bodies

Inferior area of the diencephalon

Concealed by the fornix (thick bundle of fibers coming from hippocampus of the temporal lobe)

Superior surface of the diencephalon

Formed by the:


Roof of the third ventricle, tela choroidea of the 3rd ventricle, choroid plexus of the 3rd ventrucle

Diencephalon

Formed by the internal capsule of white matter

Lateral surface of the diencephalon

Nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with other parts of the brain stem and SC

Lateral surface of the diencephalon

Formed by:


Medial surface of the thalamus


Inferiorly by the hypothalamus


Stria medullaris

Medial surface of the diencephalon

Bundle of afferent fibers to the habenular nucleus, forming a ridge on the superior margin of the medial surface of diencephalon

Stria medullaris

Diencephalon is divided into

Thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

2 layered fold of the pia mater

Tela choidea

Lies between the fornix and roof of the third ventricle and upper surfaces of the thalami

Tela choidea

Composed of myelinated fibers and constitute efferent system of the hippocampus

Fornix

Nerve fibers of fornix first form it, thin layer of white matter in the ventricular surface of the hippocampus

Alveus

Converge to form fimbria

Tela choidea

2 slides arches over the thalamus and corpus callosum

fimbria

Serves as cell station to the main sensory systems (except for the olfactory pathway)

Thalamus

Lateral surface of the thalamus, important band of white matter (abundance of corticospinal tracts)

Internal capsule

2 thalami connected to each other by a band of gray matter

Interthalamic adhesion

Thin layer covering on superior surface

Stratum zonale

Covering on lateral surface

External medullary lamina

Divides one thalamus into a medial and lateral halves (white mater)

Internal medullary lamina

Concerned with emotional tone, and mechanisms of recent memory

Anterior thalamic nuclei

Responsible for integration of large sensory information including somatic, visceral and olfactory; and correlation of these information to emotions and subjective states

Dorsomedial nucleus

Lateral part of the thalamus divided into:

Ventral group and dorsal group

Ventral group nuclei divided to 3

Ventral anterior


Ventral lateral


Venrral posterior

Influences activities in the motor cortex

Ventral anterior

Influences activities in the motor cortex and cerebellum and minor input from the red nucleus

Ventral lateral

Ventral posterior is divided to:

Ventral posterior medial


Ventral posterolateral

Receives input from ascending trigeminal and gustatory taste pathways

Ventral posterior medial

Receives input from ascending sensory tracts (medial and spinal lemnisci)

Ventral posterolateral

Connections with thalamic nuclei, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes

Dorsal group

Posterior part of the thalamus under the pulvinar. Receives auditory input from ears

Medial geniculate body

Undersurface of the pulvinar. Receives visual info from the opposite field of vision

Lateral geniculate body

Next to the third ventricle and interthalamic adhesion. Receives input from reticular formation. Function unknown

Midline nuclei

Lacated within the intenal medullart lamina.

Intralaminar nuclei

Infliences consciousness and level of alertness (reticular formation, cerebral cortex, spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts)

Intralaminar nuclei

Receives input from reticular formation. Function unknown

Midline nuclei

Receives visual info from the opposite field of vision

Lateral geniculate body

Receives auditory input from ears

Medial geniculate body

Located between external medullary lamina and internal capsule

Reticular nucleus

Related to mechanism by which cerebral cortex regulates thalamic activity

Reticular nucleus

Related to voluntary movement

Ventral anterior and ventral lateral

Taste and ascending trigeminal pathways

Ventral posteromedial nucleus

Sensory ascending pathway

Ventral posterolateral nucleus

Auditory

Medial geniculate body

Vision

Lateral geniculate body

Subjective feeling

Dorsomedial

Consciousness and level of alertness

Intralaminar

Attention

Pulvinar

Every nucleus (except for reticular nucleus) sends nerve fibers to the cerebral cortex and vice versa indicating that info. Received by the thalamus is relayed onto the cerebral cortex. True or false

True

Thalamus is an important sensory-motor relay station for the cerebellum and basal nuclei necessary for voluntary movements. True or false

True

Inferior to the thalamus; related to the hypothalamus

Subthalamus

Collection of nerve cells found are red nucleus and substantia nigra

Subthalamus

Contains superior ends of medial, spinal and trigeminal lemnisci tracts

Subthalamus

Small group of neuron, located medial to the posterior surface of the thalamus

Habenular nucleus

Center for integration of olfactory, visceral and somatic afferent pathways

Habenular nucleus

Nerve fibers that crosses the midline in the superior part of the pineal talk

Habenular commissure

Associated to Habenular nuclei which receive many afferent from the amygdaloid and hiplocampus

Habenular commissure

Thalamus

Tela choidea


Fornix


Pulvinar


Internal capsule


Stratum zonale


External medullary lamina


Internal medullary lamina


Anterior thalamic nuclei


Dorsomedial nucleus


Medial geniculate body


Lateral geniculate body


Midline nuclei


Intralaminar nuclei


Reticular nucleus

Subthalamus

Habenular nucleus


Pineal gland


stria medullaris


No nerve cells, has cervical sympathetic fibers

Pineal gland

Important endocrine gland that influences function of the pituitary gland, islets the langerhans of the pancreas, parathyroids, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla and gonads

Pineal gland

Produces secretion that gets carried to target organs via the bloodstream or CSF

Pineal gland

Secretes hormone called melatonin, produced by pinealocytes

Pineal gland

Rises in darkness and falls during day time

melatonin

Plays a role in sleep and reproductive function regulation

Pineal gland

Main action is inhibition of production of hormones

Pineal gland

Would explain less sexual drive during sleep (increase melatonin) and increase (decrease melatonin) as day time comes

Pineal gland

Afferent fibers from septa nuclei to the habenula

Stria medullaris

Although only 0.3% of the total brain, this is a very important part of CNS

Hypothalamus

Controls the function of the ANS and endocrine system

Hypothalamus

Plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis

Hypothalamus

Regulates body temperature and body fluids

Hypothalamus

Controls drives to eat, drink, sexual behavior and emotion

Hypothalamus