• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/13

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is cerebral palsy?
Group of disorders in the development of motor control and posture occurring as a result of a non-progressive impairment of the developing CNS

Accompanied by disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication, perception and or seizure disorder

Cerebral = refers to the cerebrum

Palsy = refers to disorders of movement
What are syndromes of cerebral palsy?
Occurs early in life, cerebral in nature, cause abnormal control of movement and posture during development

Non progressive, but no known cure
What are the causes of cerebral palsy?
Caused by damage to the motor centers and/or their connections to the developing brain

Cases of CP typically occur during pregnancy, (85%)

During childbirth (5%)

Up to age 3 (10%)

CNS infection - damage to white matter

Hypoxia of the brain

birth trauma during labour and delivery

Stroke

Asphyxia before birth

multiple births

40-50 percent of children with CP are premature

Asphyxia (caused by choking, near drowning, poison)
Toxins, jaundice, lead poisoning, brain injury, shaken baby syndrome, hypoxia to brain, encephalitis, meningitis
The incidence of cerebral palsy?
1 in 1000 newborns

1.33:1 males : females

10000 infants diagnosed/year in the United States
What is the diagnosis of cerebral palsy?
History and physical examination

CT or MRI

Diagnosis made shortly after birth, but typically postponed until child is 18-24 months

Therefore see the functional status and progress of symptoms, developmental monitoring and screening

Primitive reflexes tested in development can be evidence of neurologic deficit

Example Moro Reflex (startle reflex) normally present in all infants up to 4 or 5 months

Absence of reflex or persistence beyond 4-5 months can indicate severe neurological deficit
What are the four classifications of cerebral palsy?
1. Spastic (50%) Corticospinal tract, motor cortical areas

2. Ataxic (10%) cerebellum

3. Dyskinetic (20%) basal ganglia

4. Mixed (20 percent) Spastic and one other

All 4 are characterized by hyperreflexia, spasticity, involuntary movements, unsteady gait, balance disturbances
What is spastic cerebral palsy?
Affects the corticospinal tract, motor areas

All types of spastic have hypertonia and or hyperreflexia

Classified based on the distribution of motor disability

A. Hemiplegic spastic type - 1 side affected

B. Diplegic spastic type - All 4 extremities affected (lower limbs more affected)

C. Quadriplegic spastic type - all 4 limbs significantly affected
What is spastic cerebral palsy, hemiplegic spastic type?
1 side affected

most ambulatory of all forms seizures occur in 70 percent of cases

cognitive abilities preserved
What is spastic cerebral palsy, diplegic type?
All 4 limbs affected but little to no upper body spasticity

Strabismus (eyes do not align)

gait disturbances

many have preserved cognitive abilities
What is spastic cerebral palsy, quadriplegic type?
All 4 limbs severely affected, equally, Most severe form, least likely to walk

Tremor and severe gait disturbances

Severe mental retardation, epilepsy, dysarthria
What is ataxic cerebral palsy?
Affects cerebellum

Dysmetria - difficulty in performing intentional movements

Hypotonia, tremors

difficulty with fine motor skills

Impaired balance during walking

Impaired coordination

cerebellum also controls eye movements
What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
Affects basal ganglia

Affects all 4 limbs, but upper limbs are more affected

typically occurs after 2 years of age and can progress into adulthood

Mixed muscle tone (hypotonia and hypertonia)

Presence of involuntary movements (chorea, athetosis, dystonia)

Slow, writhing movement

Balance difficulties

lesions are often localized to the putamen
What is the gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy?
Universal classification system

uses a five level system, gross motor function on basis of self initiated movement abilities

higher number indicates a higher degree of severity

Each level is determined by an age range and a set of activities the child can achieve on his or her own