Cerebral Palsy

Front 1

Spastic (hypertonic)
CNS location?
Muscle tone & Movement?

Back 1

Motor Cortex

Severity of tone and limb involvement varies among children; small, limited, midrange only.

Front 2

Athetoid (dyskinetic)
CNS location?
Muscle tone & Movement?

Back 2

Basal ganglia

Tone fluctuates form low to high, child to child and daily. Rapid random and jerky movements or slow withering movements; difficult with fixation; uses asymmetry to stabalize

Front 3

Ataxia
CNS location?
Muscle tone & Movement?

Back 3

Cerebellum

Tone low to normal; difficulty with voluntary movement for balance and control of the trunk, head and limbs.

Front 4

Ataxia

Back 4

inability to coordinate muscle activity during volunary movement. in posterior column damage of the spinal cord, in coordination and a loss of proprioception is caused by misjudgment of limb position with balance problems. cerebellar ataxia produces a reeling, wild-based gait.

Front 5

Athetoid

Back 5

repetitive involuntary movement, slow, sinuous, writhing movements. Classification of cerebral palsy in which involuntary purposeless movement occurs when an individual attempts purposeful motion. The abnormal movements may not only occur in the limb being moved but also involve as "over flow" of activity to all the other limbs with an exaggeration of reflexes.
-Kernicterus: form of hemolytic jaundice (upward gaze)

Front 6

Clonus

Back 6

Alternate involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession.

Front 7

Contracture

Back 7

Abnormal shortening of the muscle tissue that renders the muscle highly resistant to streching, which can lead to permanent disability. In many cases they can be prevented by ROM exercises (active or passive) and by adequate support of the joints to eliminate constant shortening or stretching of the muscles and surrounding tissue.

Front 8

Deformity

Back 8

Distortion of any part or general disfiguration of the body.

Front 9

Diplegia

Back 9

Paralysis of like parts on either side of the body. in CB diplegia describes involvement of the lower extremities predominantly, with only midly affected upper extremities.

Front 10

Dyarthria

Back 10

Imperfect articulation of speech caused by disturbances of muscular control resulting from central or peripheral nervous system damage.

Front 11

Spastic (hypertonic)
CNS location?
Muscle tone & Movement?

Back 11

Motor Cortex

Severity of tone and limb involvement varies among children; small, limited, midrange only.

Front 12

Athetoid (dyskinetic)
CNS location?
Muscle tone & Movement?

Back 12

Basal ganglia

Tone fluctuates form low to high, child to child and daily. Rapid random and jerky movements or slow withering movements; difficult with fixation; uses asymmetry to stabalize

Front 13

Ataxia
CNS location?
Muscle tone & Movement?

Back 13

Cerebellum

Tone low to normal; difficulty with voluntary movement for balance and control of the trunk, head and limbs.

Front 14

Ataxia

Back 14

inability to coordinate muscle activity during volunary movement. in posterior column damage of the spinal cord, in coordination and a loss of proprioception is caused by misjudgment of limb position with balance problems. cerebellar ataxia produces a reeling, wild-based gait.

Front 15

Athetoid

Back 15

repetitive involuntary movement, slow, sinuous, writhing movements. Classification of cerebral palsy in which involuntary purposeless movement occurs when an individual attempts purposeful motion. The abnormal movements may not only occur in the limb being moved but also involve as "over flow" of activity to all the other limbs with an exaggeration of reflexes.

Front 16

Clonus

Back 16

Alternate involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession.

Front 17

Contracture

Back 17

Abnormal shortening of the muscle tissue that renders the muscle highly resistant to streching, which can lead to permanent disability. In many cases they can be prevented by ROM exercises (active or passive) and by adequate support of the joints to eliminate constant shortening or stretching of the muscles and surrounding tissue.

Front 18

Deformity

Back 18

Distortion of any part or general disfiguration of the body.

Front 19

Diplegia

Back 19

Paralysis of like parts on either side of the body. in CB diplegia describes involvement of the lower extremities predominantly, with only midly affected upper extremities.

Front 20

Dyarthria

Back 20

Imperfect articulation of speech caused by disturbances of muscular control resulting from central or peripheral nervous system damage.

Front 21

Graphesthesia

Back 21

the ability by which outlines, numbers, words, or symbols traced or written on the skin are recognized.

Front 22

Spastic Hemiplegia characteristics?

Back 22

Paralysis of one side of the body, usually caused by a brain lesion, such as a tumor, or a cerebrovascular accident. paralysis occurs on the side opposite the lesion,or infarct, because of the dislocation of most of the fibers in the motor tracks of the brain.
-Nystagmus
-Homonymous Hemianopsia

Front 23

Homonymous hemianopsia

Back 23

Loosing half of sight. loosing a quadrant of vision.

Rt or Left side field of vision.

Front 24

Hypertonicity

Back 24

AKA spasticity

abnormal muscle tone felt as too much resistance to movement as a result of hyperactive reflexes and loss of inhibiting influences form higher brain centers.

Front 25

Hyperreflexia

Back 25

overflexion of a limb

Front 26

Kinesthesia

Back 26

The ability and sense by which position and weight and movement are perceived.

Front 27

Kyphosis

Back 27

Abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine viewed form the side, resulting from an acquired disease, an injury, or a congenital disorder or disease.

Front 28

Lordosis

Back 28

Forward curvature of the lumbar spine.

Front 29

Nystagmus

Back 29

involuntary usually rapid movement of the eyeballs (as from side to side) occurring normally with dizziness during and after bodily rotation or abnormally following head injury or as a symptom of disease

Front 30

Nystagmus

Back 30

involuntary usually rapid movement of the eyeballs (as from side to side) occurring normally with dizziness during and after bodily rotation or abnormally following head injury or as a symptom of disease.
Associated with SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA.

Front 31

Primitive reflexes

Back 31

innate primary reactions found in newborns and ndicative of severe brain samage if present beyond their usual time of disappearance. Adult patients with closed head injury or stroke may manifest these signs; adbsence on reevaluation is a sign of progress in recovery. examples include placing reactions, Moro reflex, grasp reflex, rooting reflex, and sucking reflex.

Front 32

Primitive reflexes

Back 32

innate primary reactions found in newborns and ndicative of severe brain samage if present beyond their usual time of disappearance. Adult patients with closed head injury or stroke may manifest these signs; adbsence on reevaluation is a sign of progress in recovery. examples include placing reactions, Moro reflex, grasp reflex, rooting reflex, and sucking reflex.

Front 33

Quadriplegia

Back 33

Paralysis of all 4 limbs.

Front 34

Quadriplegia

Back 34

Paralysis of all 4 limbs.

Front 35

Scoliosis

Back 35

Lateral curvature of the vertebral column. this deviation of the normally straight vertical line of the spine may or may not include rotation of deformity of the vertebrae.

Front 36

Scoliosis

Back 36

Lateral curvature of the vertebral column. this deviation of the normally straight vertical line of the spine may or may not include rotation of deformity of the vertebrae.

Front 37

Stretch reflex

Back 37

Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to passive longitudinal stretching.

Front 38

Stretch reflex

Back 38

Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to passive longitudinal stretching.

Front 39

Associated disorders

Back 39

Mental retardation – consider influence of environmental experiences?
Seizure disorder – common in any brain injury or lesion.
Vision – strabismus, nystagmus and homonymous hemianopsia, kernicterus (paralysis of upward gaze)
Hearing – some what associated with lack of normal movement & voluntary position changing.

Front 40

Medical/Surgical Management
of
Cerebral Palsy

Back 40

No definitive test
Rarely diagnosed early unless severe
Birth-related usually Dx by 18 months
Techniques to normalize spasticity
Pharmacological
Positioning, handling, occasionally surgical
Progressive casting & other orthotics
AFOs and other splinting techniques.

Front 41

Astereognosis

Back 41

a loss of the ability to recognize objects by handling them

Front 42

kinesthesia

Back 42

The sense by which movement, weight, position, etc. are perceived.

Front 43

topagnosia

Back 43

symptom of disease of or damage to the brain in which a person cannot identify a part of the body that has been touched

Front 44

What are the characteristics of Spastic Diplegia

Back 44

-85% of children w/this CP walk independently
-Lordosis
-Problems resulting in contractures, deformities
-dorsal spine kyphosis

Front 45

What are the characteristics of Spastic Quadraplegia?

Back 45

-Dyarthrea (inarticulation of speech, loss of muscular control, stemming from cn & pn system damage.
-Contracture
-deformities
-scoliosis
-TLR (tonic labyrinth reflex- hyperextention of the neck, primitive reflex)

Front 46

Associated disorders with Spastic Quadraplegia

Back 46

-Seizures
-mental retardation

Front 47

Strabismus afftects which CP patients

Back 47

Spastic Diplegia & Hemiplegia. It is cross or wall eyed (visual defect).