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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which arteries are the main blood flow to the brain? What is the network of blood vessels on the inferior surface of the brain called?
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R & L Common Carotids and Vertebral Arteries
Circle of Willis |
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In what main veins does blood flow away from the brain?
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R & L Internal jugular (from brain tissue)and External Jugular veins (from meninges & skull)
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What is the fxn of the BBB?
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Protect neurons from harmful substances in blood; neurons cannot undergo mitosis
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What is included in the structure of the BBB?
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> Continuous capillary (no gaps btwn cells)
>Intact basement membrane (no gaps >Astrocyte-neuroglia; extentions that sit on capillary wall which helps regulate what enters & exits |
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What are the functions of the spinal cord?
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>Relay impulses therought ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) projection tracts
>Integrating center for reflexes |
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The spinal cord extends from the ______________ to vertebrae ____.
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foramen magnum; L1
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How many segments does the spinal cord develop into?
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31
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The cervical enlargement is located between which vertebrae? The lumbar enlargement is located between which vertebrae?
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Cervical C4-T1 (supports upper extremities)
Lumbar T9-T12 (supports lower extremities) |
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What is the tapering cone shaped end of the spinal cord called?
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Conus Medullaris
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The two anterior gray horns contain____ neurons. The posterior horns contain _____ neurons. The lateral horns contain _______ neurons.
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Anterior-Motor
Posterior- Sensory Lateral- Autonomic, both motor and sensory |
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Name 2 of the descending tracts in the spinal cord and their fxns.
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>Corticospinal-Voluntary Movement
>Extra Pyramidal-Posture, balance, coordination |
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Name 3 of the ascending tracts in the spinal cord and their fxns.
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>Spinothalamic-touch, pressure, pain, itch, tickle
>Spinocerebellar-proprioception necessary for balance, posture, coordination >Medial Lemniscus-touch, temp, vibrations, pressure |
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What is the fxn of the pituitary gland?
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Secretes hormones for a variety of body activities.
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What is the fxn of the optic nerve?
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Sensory nerve, axons of ganglion cells of retina form nerve
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What is the fxn of the superior colliculus?
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Reflex center for certain visual stimuli
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What is the fxn of the inferior colliculus?
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Relay impulses from receptors for hearing in ear to thalamus
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What is the fxn of the cornea?
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Focus light onto retina
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What is the fxn of the iris?
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Regulate amount of light entering eye through pupil
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What is the fxn of the conjunctiva?
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Mucous membrane protects cornea
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What is the fxn of the aqueous humor?
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Watery fluid nourishes lens & cornea
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What is the fxn of the vitreous body?
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Hold retina flush against choroid, even surface for retina for clear image reception
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What is the fxn of the retina?
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Beginning of visual pathway; receives light & converts to receptor potential & nerve impulses output to brain forms optic nerve
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What is the fxn of the tympanic membrane?
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Sound waves cause vibration, cause malleus to vibrate
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What is the fxn of the ossicles? What are the ossicles?
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Transmit & amplify vibrations
Malleus, incus, stapes |
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What is the fxn of the oval window?
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opening for stapes
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What is the fxn of the round window?
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Opening between middle and internal ear, covered by secondary tympanic membrane
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What is the fxn of the cochlear ducts?
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Transmit vibration to spiral organ (organ of hearing)
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What is the fxn of the semicircular ducts?
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Site of hair cells for dynamic equilibrium
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What is the fxn of the utricle and saccule? Where are they located?
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Site of hair cells for static & dynamic equilibrium.
Vestibule |
