Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
181 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
THE HUMAN BODY CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO 6 LEVELS (BODY ORGANIZATION)? WHAT ARE THE 6 LEVELS?
|
"1. CHEMICAL
|
|
|
*There are 4 of them."
|
"OXYGEN (65%)
|
|
|
IN BODY ORGANIZATION, WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE 'CHEMICAL' LEVEL?
|
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS COMPOSED OF ATOMS WHICH MAY BE BOUND TOGETHER TO FORM MOLECULES.
|
|
|
IN BODY ORGANIZATION, WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE 'CELLULAR' LEVEL? ABOUT HOW MANY CELLS ARE THERE IN THE BODY?
|
"BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF LIFE.
|
|
|
HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS ARE THERE IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
200-250 TYPES OF CELLS
|
|
|
CELLS ARE COMPOSED OF _________ AND MUST _________ IN ORDER TO SURVIVE.
|
"1. PROTOPLASM
|
|
|
IN BODY ORGANIZATION, WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE 'TISSUE' LEVEL?
|
AGGREGATIONS OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT PERFORM 'SPECIFIC' FUNCTIONS.
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE 'FOUR' BASIC TYPES OF 'TISSUES' IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
"1. EPITHELIAL
|
|
|
'EPITHELIAL' TISSUE IS ALSO KNOWN AS WHAT?
|
SURFACE-COVERING TISSUE
|
|
|
'CONNECTIVE' TISSUE IS ALSO KNOWN AS WHAT?
|
SUPPORTING TISSUE
|
|
|
'MUSCULAR' TISSUE IS ALSO KNOWN AS WHAT?
|
CONTRACTING TISSUE
|
|
|
'NERVOUS' TISSUE IS ALSO KNOWN AS WHAT?
|
CONDUCTION TISSUE
|
|
|
IN BODY ORGANIZATION, WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE 'ORGAN' LEVEL?
|
AGGREGATION OF TWO OR MORE 'TISSUES' INTEGRATED TO PERFORM A 'PARTICULAR FUNCTION'.
|
|
|
ORGAN VARY IN _____ AND _______
|
"1. SIZE
|
|
|
The heart, spleen, skin, ovary, and each bone of the body are considered 'ORGANS'."
|
"TRUE
|
|
|
IN BODY ORGANIZATION, WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE 'SYSTEM' LEVEL?
|
VARIOUS ORGANS HAVING SIMILAR OR RELATED FUNCTIONS.
|
|
|
(*There are 10 of them in the packet)"
|
"1. CIRCULATORY
|
|
|
IN BODY ORGANIZATION, WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE 'ORGANISM' LEVEL?
|
LIVING 'INDIVIDUAL' COMPOSED OF ALL OF THE PARTS OF THE BODY FUNCTIONING TOGETHER.
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE SURVIVAL OF AN ORGANISM DEPENDENT UPON?
|
NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF EACH OF ITS PARTS.
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN 'ENDOCRINE' GLAND? (*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)
|
"1. DUCTLESS
|
|
|
WHERE ARE TWO PLACES WHERE THEY CAN BE FOUND IN THE BODY?"
|
"DUCTS THAT LEAD TO AN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'HOMEOSTASIS' DEFINED AS? HOW DOES IT WORK?
|
"MAINTAINING A DYNAMIC CONSTANCY
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 4 WAYS)"
|
"1. REMOVES WASTE FROM BLOOD
|
|
|
HOW DOES THE 'DIGESTIVE SYSTEM' MAINTAIN 'HOMEOSTASIS'?
|
BREAKS DOWN AND ABSORBS FOOD MATERIALS INTO THE BLOOD TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS FOR CELLULAR METABOLISM.
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 WAYS)"
|
"1. ADDS OXYGEN TO BLOOD
|
|
|
WHAT HAPPENS IF A BODY SYSTEM BECOMES 'EXCESSIVE' OR 'INSUFFICIENT' DURING A SPECIFIC TIME?
|
"THE SYSTEM WHICH MONITORS THAT FACTOR INITIATES A COUNTER-CHANGE THAT RETURNS THE SYSTEM TO A NORMAL VALUE.
|
|
|
WHEN THERE IS A DEVIATION IN 'HOMEOSTASIS', WHAT HAPPENS TO THE INDIVIDUAL? WHAT IS THIS ALSO DEFINED AS?
|
"PERSON IS LIABLE TO BECOME SICK.
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE FOR THE pH OF 'BLOOD'?
|
BLOOD = 7.35-7.43 pH
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE FOR 'GLUCOSE' IN AN INDIVIDUAL?
|
75-120mg / 100ml GLUCOSE
|
|
|
IF SOMEONE HAS A 'GLUCOSE' VALUE OF 600mg / 100ml, WHAT WOULD HE BE DIAGNOSED WITH?
|
TYPE I DIABETES
|
|
|
WHICH ONE IS MOST/LEAST COMMON?"
|
"1. POSITIVE FEEDBACK (LESS COMMON)
|
|
|
'HOMEOSTASIS' IS MONITORED BY DIFFERENT RECEPTORS IN THE BODY IN A SYSTEMATIC WAY CALLED __________ _______________?
|
FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
|
|
|
(*HINT: Thermometer, Thermostat, Furnace)"
|
"1. MONITORING RECEPTOR (Responds to system condition)
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'NEGATIVE FEEDBACK' DEFINED AS?
|
"CHANGES 'AWAY' FROM A DESIRED VALUE ARE 'REVERSED' SO ACTIVITY IS TOWARD RESTORING 'HOMEOSTASIS'.
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'POSITIVE FEEDBACK' DEFINED AS?
|
"CHANGES 'AWAY' FROM A SPECIFIC VALUE ARE 'CONTINUALLY' ACCELERATED.
|
|
|
HOW DOES THIS WORK?"
|
"OXYTOCIN
|
|
|
HOW DOES THIS WORK?"
|
"CORTISOL RELEASE
|
|
|
THE 'POSTERIOR PITUITARY' 'SECRETES' 2 HORMONES. WHAT ARE THEY?
|
"1. OXYTOCIN
|
|
|
CELLS DO NOT CHANGE THEIR STRUCTURE AND/OR METABOLIC ACTIVITY TO COMBAT DISEASE, MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS, AND SURVIVE CHANGES TO ENVIRONMENT."
|
"FALSE
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'ATROPHY' DEFINED AS?
|
DECREASE IN SIZE OF TISSUE/ORGAN FROM 'DIMINISHED SIZE' OF ITS CELLS.
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 5 WAYS)"
|
"1. DISUSE
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 3 WAYS)"
|
"1. DECREASED CELLULAR METABOLISM
|
|
|
DURING 'ATROPHY' _________ __________IS SAID TO DECREASE WHILE _________ CONSERVATION IS SAID TO INCREASE.
|
"1. CELLULAR METABOLISM (DECREASE)
|
|
|
WHAT IS SAID TO OCCUR WHEN A LIMB IS 'IMMOBILIZED' IN CAST FOR AN EXTENDED AMOUNT OF TIME?
|
MUSCULAR ATROPHY OCCURS
|
|
|
(*2 THINGS)"
|
"1. MUSCLE DENERVATION
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'HYPERTROHPY' DEFINED AS?
|
GROWTH OF AN ORGAN OR TISSUE DUE TO AN INCREASE IN SIZE OF ITS CELLS
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 WAYS)"
|
"1. INCREASED ACTIVITY (I.E., LIFTING WEIGHTS, EXERCISE)
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2)"
|
"1. SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THEY?"
|
"1. INCREASED CELLULAR ORGANELLES
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'HYPERPLASIA' DEFINED AS?
|
"'MITOTIC DIVISIONS' IN CELLS BY INCREASED FUNCTIONAL DEMANDS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'HYPERPLASIA'?
|
CALLUS ON PALM OF HAND FROM 'EXCESSIVE FRICTION'
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'DYSPLASIA' DEFINED AS?
|
"'ABNORMAL' MATURATION OF CELLS WITHIN A TISSUE'S:
|
|
|
'DYSPLASIA' OCCURS NORMALLY IN CELLS THAT ARE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC IRRIATION/INFLAMMATION?"
|
"TRUE
|
|
|
(I.E., CANCER)"
|
'DYSPLASIA'
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'METAPLASIA' DEFINED AS?
|
TRANSFORMATION OF ONE CELL TYPE TO ANOTHER
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE 'CONSTRAINTS' WITH REGARDS TO CELL TRANSFORMATION IN 'METAPLASIA'?
|
"TYPES OF CELLS 'CANNOT' INTERCONVERT.
|
|
|
WHAT IS A COMMON EXAMPLE OF CELLULAR 'METAPLASIA' IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
"TRANSFORMATION OF 'FIRBROBLASTS' INTO COLLAGEN FIBERS.
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
|
"1. GIVES FORM TO CELL
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
|
"1. PHOSPHOLIPID LAYERS
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 3 OF THEM)"
|
"1. FRAMEWORK
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF 'ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM)
|
"1. SMOOTH
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF 'ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM'?
|
INTERCONNECTED MEMBRANE-FORMING CANALS/TUBULES
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF 'RIBOSOMES'?
|
SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF 'RIBOSOMES'?
|
GRANULAR PARTICLES COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AND RNA
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 3 OF THEM)"
|
"1. SYNTHESIZES CARBOHYDRATES
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE 'GOLGI APPARATUS'?
|
CLUSTER OF FLATTENED, MEMBRANOUS SACS
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
|
"1. RELEASE ENERGY FROM FOOD MOLECULES
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF 'MITOCHONDRIA'?
|
MEMBRANOUS SACS WITH FOLDED INNER PARTITIONS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF 'LYSOSOMES'?
|
"DIGEST FOREIGN MOLECULES AND WORN/DAMAGED CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF 'LYSOSOMES'?
|
MEMBRANOUS SACS
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
|
"1. SUPPORT CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
|
"1. SUPPORT NUCLEUS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE 'NUCLEOLUS'?
|
FORMS RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA)
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF 'CHROMATIN'?
|
CONTROLS CELLULAR ACTIVITY FOR CARRYING ON LIFE PROCESSES
|
|
|
THE 'CELL MEMBRANE' IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS THE _____ ________.
|
GATE KEEPER
|
|
|
WHY IS THE 'CELL MEMBRANE' REFERRED TO AS THE 'GATE KEEPER'?
|
"KEEPS CYTOPLASM INSIDE AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ECF) OUTSIDE.
|
|
|
IN THE 'PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER', THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF PROTEINS. WHAT ARE THE PROTEINS?
|
"1. INTEGRAL PROTEINS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF 'INTEGRAL PROTEINS' IN THE 'CELL MEMBRANE'?
|
"PASS COMPLETELY THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF 'PERIPHERAL PROTEINS' IN THE 'CELL MEMBRANE'?
|
"LOOSELY BOUND PROTEINS IN THE CELL MEMBRANE
|
|
|
THE 'CELL MEMBRANE' IS PRIMARILY COMPOSED OF 3 TYPES OF MOLECULES. WHAT ARE THEY?
|
"1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS
|
|
|
THE 'PHOSPHOLIPID LAYERS' IN THE 'CELL MEMBRANE' CONSIST OF TWO PARTS OR A 'BILAYER'. WHAT ARE THE 2 PARTS?
|
"1. HYDROPHILIC HEADS
|
|
|
THE 'CELL MEMBRANE' HAS WHAT TYPE OF 'PERMEABILITY'?
|
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
|
|
|
THE 'PERMEABILITY' OF A CELLS IS A FUNCTION OF 4 THINGS. WHAT ARE THE 4 THINGS?
|
"1. SIZE OF MOLECULES
|
|
|
THE 'PROTEINS' IN A CELL MEMBRANE SERVE IN 5 FUNCTIONS. WHAT ARE THEY?
|
"1. STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
|
|
|
THE 'CARBOHYDRATE' MOLECULES IN THE 'CELL MEMBRANE' HAVE 5 FUNCTIONS. WHAT ARE THEY?
|
"1. REPEL NEGATIVE OBJECTS
|
|
|
THERE ARE 5 MAIN WAYS FOR 'MEMBRANE TRANSPORT'? WHAT ARE THEY?
|
"1. DIFFUSION
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'DIFFUSION' DEFINED AS?
|
"MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM 'HIGHER' TO 'LOWER' CONCENTRATIONS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'OSMOSIS' DEFINED AS?
|
"'PASSIVE' MOVEMENT
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'ACTIVE TRANSPORT' DEFINED AS?
|
"TRANSPORT BY CELL MEMBRANE VIA OTHER MOLECULES
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'PINOCYTOSIS'?
|
"MINUTE 'DROPLETS' OF FLUID FROM SURROUNDINGS ARE DIGESTED BY CELL
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'PHAGOCYTOSIS'?
|
"SOLID PARTICLES FROM SURROUNDINGS ARE DIGESTED BY CELL
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'DIFFUSION' IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
EXCHANGE OF 'RESPIRATORY GASES' IN THE LUNGS
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'OSMOSIS'?
|
WATER MOVEMENT THROUGH CELL WALL (PLANTS) TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT 'TURGIDITY' OF CELL.
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'ACTIVE TRANSPORT' IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
MOVEMENT OF 'GLUCOSE' AND 'AMINO ACIDS' THROUGH MEMBRANE
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'PINOCYTOSIS'?
|
MEMBRANE FORMED VACUOLES CONTAINING 'SOLUTE' AND 'SOLVENT'
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'PHAGOCYTOSIS'?
|
WHITE BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE ENGULFS BACTERIAL CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT IS CONSIDERED THE 2nd LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST 'BACETERIA/DISEASE'?
|
"MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
|
|
|
WHAT ARE 2 EXAMPLES OF THIS TYPE OF 'TRANSPORT'?"
|
"ENDO = INSIDE
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'EXOCYTOSIS' DEFINED AS?
|
"EXO = OUTSIDE
|
|
|
WHAT DO THEY DO?"
|
"v-SNARES
|
|
|
HOW DOES THE 'DOCKING SYSTEM' WORK WITH REGARDS TO SECRETORY VESICLES?
|
"v-SNARES (docking marker) CONNECT TO t-SNARES (protein marker)
|
|
|
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE v-SNARE AND THE t-SNARE ARE 'FUSED'?
|
VESICLE OPENS UP AND EMPTIES CONTENTS OUTSIDE OF CELL TO APPROPRIATE SITE.
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 4 THINGS)"
|
"SHAPE = SPHEROID BODY
|
|
|
THE 'NUCLEUS' IS THE 'LARGEST' ORGANELLE OF THE CELL."
|
"TRUE
|
|
|
THE 'NUCLEUS' IS ENCLOSED BY A DOUBLE MEMBRANE CALLED THE _________ ________ OR ________ __________.
|
"1. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE 'PERINUCLEAR CISTERNA'?
|
NARROW SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO WALLS OF THE 'NUCLEAR MEMBRANE'.
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE 'NUCLEOPLASM'?
|
GEL-LIKE MEDIUM OF THE NUCLEUS
|
|
|
(*TWO THINGS)"
|
"DENSE/NON-MEMBRANOUS BODY
|
|
|
(*TWO THINGS)"
|
"1. FIBERS OF PROTEIN
|
|
|
CHROMOSOMES CONSIST OF DNA AND WHAT TYPE OF 'PROTEINS'?
|
HISTONES
|
|
|
THE NUCLEUS IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE _______ _______ FOR 'ALL' CELLULAR ACTIVITIES.
|
CONTROL CENTER
|
|
|
HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES ARE THERE IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
46 CHROMOSOMES
|
|
|
HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES ARE THERE IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES
|
|
|
THE 'NUCLE-OLUS' DOES WHAT 2 MAIN THINGS?
|
"1. SYNTHESIZES rRNA
|
|
|
WHY DOES THIS OCCUR?"
|
"USED BY RIBOSOMES
|
|
|
WHAT HAPPENS TO 'ALL' OF THE COMPONENTS OF CHROMATIN 'BEFORE' CELL DIVISION?
|
BOTH DNA AND CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS ARE 'DOUBLED'.
|
|
|
MATURE RED BLOOD CELLS HAVE HOW MANY 'NUCLEI'?
|
ZERO
|
|
|
ALL CELLS ONLY CONTAIN ONE NUCLEI."
|
"FALSE
|
|
|
THERE ARE A FEW SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT CONTAIN MULTIPLE 'NUCLEI'. WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THESE?
|
SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE 'ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)' DEFINED AS?
|
AN ORGANELLE WITH SYSTEM OF INTERCONNECTED MEMBRANE-FORMING TUBULES.
|
|
|
WHAT ARE 'CISTERNAE'?
|
MEMBRANES THAT FORM 'MINUTE TUBULES'
|
|
|
HOW IS THE 'ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM' CHARACTERIZED?
|
"NUMEROUS GRANULES (RIBOSOMES) THAT ARE ATTACHED TO MEMBRANOUS WALL
|
|
|
HOW IS THE 'SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM' CHARACTERIZED?
|
LACKS RIBOSOMES
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
|
"ENZYMES
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 3 PROCESSES)"
|
"NO PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
|
|
|
WHERE IS THERE A 'HIGH' CONCENTRATION OF 'SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM'?
|
LIVER
|
|
|
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS HAVE AN 'ABUNDANCE' OF 'ROUGH ER'?
|
SECRETORY CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS HAVE AN 'ABUNDANCE' OF 'SMOOTH ER'?
|
MUSCLE CELLS
|
|
|
HOW DOES 'DRUG TOLERANCE' HAPPEN?
|
"REPEATED DRUGE USE CAUSES 'SMOOTH ER' TO PROLIFERATE IN ORDER TO DETOXIFY DRUGS TO PROTECT CELL.
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE SITE FOR 'PROTEIN SYNTHESIS'?
|
RIBOSOMES
|
|
|
A SINGLE RIBOSOME CONSISTS OF WHAT?
|
"'LARGER' 60s SUBUNIT
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE 'RNA' OF A 'RIBOSOME' REFERRED TO AS?
|
"(r-RNA)
|
|
|
IN ADDITION TO 'PROTEIN SYNTEHSIS', 'RIBOSOMES' HAVE ANOTHER FUNCTION THAT DEALS WITH THE ALIGNMENT OF WHAT?
|
ALIGNMENTS OF m-RNA AND t-RNA DURING 'TRANSLATION'.
|
|
|
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF 'RIBOSOMES'. WHAT ARE THEY?
|
"1. MEMBRANE-BOUND RIBOSOMES
|
|
|
(ER) ATTACHED RIBOSOMES ARE INVOLVED IN WHAT TYPE OF 'PROTEIN SYNTHESIS'?
|
"PROTEINS THAT ARE 'EXCRETED' FROM THE CELLS.
|
|
|
FREE RIBOSOMES ARE INVOLVED IN WHAT TYPE OF 'PROTEIN SYNTHESIS'?
|
"INTRACELLULAR 'ENZYMES' AND 'STRUCTURAL ENZYMES' THAT ARE USED 'WITHIN' THE CELLS
|
|
|
PROTEINS THAT ARE SYNTHESIZED ON THE 'ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM' ARE TRANSPORTED WHERE?
|
GOLGI APPARATUS TO BE 'PACKAGED' INTO SECRETORY VESICLES.
|
|
|
THE 'GOLGI APPARATUS' COMMUNICATES WITH THE 'ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM' VIA 2 WAYS. WHAT ARE THEY AND WHAT DOES IT USE?
|
"1. DIRECT COMMUNICATION W/ ER
|
|
|
(*THERE ARE 3 OF THEM)"
|
"1. STORE
|
|
|
HOW DOES THE 'GOLGI APPARATUS' MODIFY PROTEINS?
|
ADDS CARBOHYDRATES TO THEM
|
|
|
WHERE ARE 'LYSOSOMES' PRODUCED?
|
IN THE 'GOLGI APPARATUS'
|
|
|
WHERE ARE 'LIPIDS' PACKAGED?
|
IN THE 'GOLGI APPARATUS'
|
|
|
WHERE ARE 'STEROIDS' SECRETED FROM?
|
FROM THE 'GOLGI APPARATUS'
|
|
|
THE 'MITOCHONDRIA' ARE CALLED THE WHAT OF THE CELL?
|
'POWERHOUSE' OF THE CELL
|
|
|
THESE ARE USED FOR WHAT 2 PROCESSES?"
|
"ENZYMES
|
|
|
(*2 PROCESSES)"
|
"1. KREBS CYCLE
|
|
|
'MITOCHONDRIA' OCCUR IN ALL BODY CELLS EXCEPT FOR 1. WHAT IS THE 1 CELL TYPE IS DOES NOT OCCUR IN?
|
MATURE RED BOOD CELLS (RBCs)
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'CRISTAE' DEFINED AS?
|
"FOLDS OF THE INNER MEMBRANE
|
|
|
CELLS THAT ARE VERY ACTIVE (i.e., HEART MUSCLE CELLS) WILL HAVE MORE OF WHAT IN THE THE 'MITOCHONDRIA' THAN IN OTHER CELLS?
|
"MORE 'CRISTAE'
|
|
|
'MITOCHONDRIA' PRODUCE THE BULK OF CELLULAR ENERGY."
|
"TRUE
|
|
|
CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS ARE BROUGHT INTO THE 'CYTOPLASM' AND BROKEN DOWN IN WHAT WAY?
|
BY ENZYMES
|
|
|
WHAT IS ALSO RELEASED DURING THIS?"
|
"1. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
|
|
|
WHAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE 'UNIVERSAL' ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE HUMAN BODY?
|
ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)
|
|
|
WHAT IS DEFINED AS 'AEROBIC' EXERCISE?
|
"EXERCISE INVOLVING 'LARGE MUSCLE GROUPS'.
|
|
|
WHAT IS DEFINED AS 'ANAEROBIC' EXERCISE?
|
"EXERCISE OF 'SHORT-DURATION'
|
|
|
WHERE DOES THIS OCCUR?"
|
"VIA 'GLYCOLYSIS'
|
|
|
WHAT TYPES OF DISEASES HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH 'MITOCHONDRIAL DNA'?
|
AGING DISEASES
|
|
|
'LYSOSOMES' ARE CONSIDERED TO BE WHAT TYPE OF 'MEMBRANOUS SPHERES'?
|
SINGLE-MEMBRANOUS SPHERES
|
|
|
WHAT ARE 'LYSOSOMES' STORAGE VESICLES FOR?
|
POWERFUL 'HYDROLYTIC' DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
|
|
|
THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES THAT 'LYSOSOMES' STORE ARE CALLED WHAT?
|
PROTEASES
|
|
|
APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY 'PROTEASES' HAVE BEEN DERIVED FROM 'LYSOSOMES'?
|
40+ PROTEASES
|
|
|
WHERE ARE 'LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES' SYNTHESIZED?
|
ON RIBOSOMES
|
|
|
'LYSOSOME MEMBRANE' IS IMPERMEABLE TO WHAT?
|
IMPERMEABLE TO THE OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF STORED ENZYMES
|
|
|
'LYSOSOME MEMBRANE' IS RESISTANT TO WHAT?
|
ITS OWN DIGESTIVE ACTION
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE 4 FUNCTIONS OF THE 'LYSOSOME'?
|
"1. TRANSPORT OF ENZYMES TO CELL MEMBRANE DURING 'INTRA'CELLULAR DIGESTION'
|
|
|
WHAT ORGANELLES ARE FREQUENTLY CALLED 'SUICIDE PACKETS'?
|
LYSOSOMES
|
|
|
WHAT OCCURS WITH 'VITAMIN A' INTOXICATION?
|
"CAUSES 'LYSOSOMAL' MEMBRANES TO RUPTURE
|
|
|
WHAT IS 'RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS'?
|
PAIN THAT ACCOMPANIES RELEASE OF ENZYMES FROM 'LYSOSOMES' INTO JOINT CAPSULE AND THE DIGESTION OF SURROUNDING TISSUE.
|
|
|
THE 'ATROPHY' OF THE 'UTERUS' AFTER A BABY IS BORN IS CAUSED BY WHAT?
|
LYSOSOMES DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY
|
|
|
HOW MANY DIFFERENT CELL TYPES EXIST IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
200-250
|
|
|
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISMS ARE WHAT?
|
CHANGES OCCURING AWAY FROM A DESIRED VALUE ARE REVERSED SO THAT ACTIVITY IS TOWARD RESTORING 'HOMEOSTASIS'
|
|
|
4. DYSPLASIA"
|
3. HYPERTROPHY
|
|
|
4. LIPID SOLUBLE"
|
4. LIPID SOLUBLE
|
|
|
4. SYNTHESIZES AND STORES rRNA"
|
4. SYNTHESIZES AND STORES rRNA
|
|
|
4. SYNTHESIZES AND STORES rRNA"
|
4. SYNTHESIZES AND STORES rRNA
|
|
|
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE"
|
1. INVOLVED IN LIPID AND STEROID PRODUCTION
|
|
|
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE"
|
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
|
|
|
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE"
|
1. CRISTAE
|
|
|
4. VITAMIN B6"
|
3. VITAMIN A
|
|
|
4. 375 to 475 mg%"
|
1. 75 to 120 mg%
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF 'OSMOSIS' IN THE HUMAN BODY?
|
"KIDNEY DIALYSIS (FILTRATION)
|
