Cellular Respiration Key Terms

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Symporter

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Membrane protein involved in movement of 2 or more different molecules or ions across a membrane. (Ions move down, molecules move against the concentration gradient.)

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Catabolism

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The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism

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Coenzyme

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A non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme

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Phosphorylate

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Introduce a phosphate group into a molecule or compound

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Oxidative phosphorylation

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Metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP

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Metabolites

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Small organic molecules that are the building blocks for biosynthesis

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Reduced coenzymes

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(e.g., NADH) Storage form of chemical energy. Important in shuttling energy between different metabolic pathways and processes

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Dehydrogenation

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Chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from a molecule

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Dehydrogenase

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An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms form a particular molecule, particularly in the electron transport chain reactions of cell respiration in conjunction with the coenzymes NAD and FAD

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Reduction (of coenzymes)

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Electrons produced in oxidation reactions are transferred to another molecule where the gaining of electrons reduces it.

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Hydrogenation

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In organic reactions, reduction in company of protons (Involves both electrons and protons)

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Decarboxylation

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Chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group

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FAD

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A lower energy coenzyme

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Allosteric regulation

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The regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the protein's active site

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Effector molecule

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Usually a small molecule that selectively binds to a protein nd regulates its biological activity

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Keto group

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Functional ketone group

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Terminal electron acceptor

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A compound that receives or accepts an electron during cellular respiration or photosynthesis

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Cytochrome

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Any of a number of compounds consisting of a ham bonded to a protein. They function in the electron transfer pathway of cellular respiration

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Respiratory complex

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A protein complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

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Flavoprotein

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Any of a class of conjugated proteins that contain flattens and are involved in oxidation reactions in cells. *Contain nucleic acid derivative of ribolfavin: (FAD) or (FMN)

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Prosthetic group

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A non-protein group forming part of or combined with a protein

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Translocase

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General term for a protein that assists in moving another molecule, usually across a membrane