Cellular Respiration Ch 9-1

Front 1

food serves as a source of ___ ___ from which all the cells of the body can ___ new molecules

Back 1

raw materials, synthesize

Front 2

food provides living things with the ___ ___ ___ they need to ___ and ___

Back 2

chemical building block, grow and reproduce

Front 3

food serves as a source of ___

Back 3

energy

Front 4

one gram of the sugar glucose, when burned in the presence of ___, released ___ calories of heat energy

Back 4

oxygen, 3811

Front 5

sugar glucose formula

Back 5

C6 H12 O6

Front 6

calorie definition

Back 6

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

Front 7

the ___ that is used on food labels is a ___, or #___ calories

Back 7

Calorie, kilocalorie, 1000

Front 8

cells don't "___" glucose, they gradually release the energy from ___ and other food compounds

Back 8

glucose

Front 9

the process of cellular respiration starts with a pathway called ___

Back 9

glycolysis

Front 10

glycolysis

Back 10

first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Front 11

glycolysis releases only a small amount of ___

Back 11

energy

Front 12

if ___ is present, glycolysis leads to #___ other pathways that relased a great deal of energy

Back 12

oxygen, 2

Front 13

if ___ is not present, however, glycolysis is followed by a different pathway

Back 13

oxygen

Front 14

both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the ___

Back 14

mitochondria

Front 15

cellular respiration is the process that ___ energy by ___ down food molecules in the presence of ___

Back 15

releases, breaking, oxygen

Front 16

glycolysis takes place in the ___

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

the ___ cycles and ___ transport take place inside the ___

Back 17

Krebs, electron, mitochondria

Front 18

in the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by the ___ cycle and the ___ transport chain.

Back 18

krebs, electron

Front 19

glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and the elctron transport chain make up a process called ___

Back 19

cellular respiration

Front 20

what's the equation for cellular respiration?

Back 20

6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Front 21

6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

CONVERT INTO ENGLISH!

Back 21

oxygen + glucose --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Front 22

cellualr respiration requires ___, a food molecule such as ___, and gives off ___ ___, ___, and energy

Back 22

oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, water

Front 23

each of the 3 stages of cellular respiration captures some of the chemical ___ available in food molecules and uses it to produce ___

Back 23

energy, ATP

Front 24

the first set of reactions in cellular respiration is ___

Back 24

glycolysis

Front 25

___ is the process in which one molecule of ___ is broken in half, producing #___ molecules of ___ acid, a #___-___ compound

Back 25

glycolysis, glucose, 2, pyruvic, 3-carbon

Front 26

glycolysis comes from the greek word ___, meaning "___", and the latin word ___, which indicates a process of ___ or ___

Back 26

glukus, "sweet", lysis, loosening or decomposing

Front 27

even though glycolysis is an ___-releasing process, the cell needs to put in a little ___ to get things going

Back 27

energy, energy

Front 28

at the pathway's beginning, #___ molecules of ATP are used up

Back 28

2

Front 29

although the cell puts 2 ATP molecules into its "accunt" to get glycolysis going, when glycolysis is complete, #___ ATP molecules have been produced

Back 29

4

Front 30

one of the reactions of glycolysis removes #___ high-energy ___ and passes them to an ___ carrier called NAD+

Back 30

4, electrons, electron

Front 31

NAD+ aka ___ ___ ___

Back 31

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Front 32

like NADP+ in ___, each ___ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons

Back 32

photosynthesis, NAD+

Front 33

NADH holds electrons until they can be ___ to other molecules

Back 33

transferred

Front 34

NAD+ helps to pass ___ from ___ to other pathways in the cell

Back 34

energy, glucose

Front 35

glcolysis itself doesn't require ___

Back 35

oxygen

Front 36

because glycolysis doesnt require oxygen, it can supply ___ ___ to cells when ___ isn't available

Back 36

chemical energy, oxygen

Front 37

when a cell generates large amounts of ___ from glycolysis, it runs into a problem: in just a few seconds, all of the cell's available ___ molecules are filled up with electrons. without ___, the cell can't keep glycolysis going, and ___ production stops

Back 37

ATP, NAD+, NAD+, ATP

Front 38

the combined process of the pathway (when oxygen isn't present) and glycolysis is called ___

Back 38

fermentation

Front 39

fermentation is the combination of what two processes?

Back 39

process of the pathway that follows glycolysis when oxygen isn't present, and glycolysis

Front 40

fermentation released energy from food molecules by producing ___ in the absence of ___

Back 40

ATP, oxygen

Front 41

during ___, cells convert NADH to ___ by passing high-energy electrons back to ___ acid

Back 41

fermentation, NAD+, pyruvic

Front 42

the action of fermentation converts NADH back into the electron carrier ___, allowing ___ to continue producing a steady supply of ___

Back 42

NAD+, glycolysis, ATP

Front 43

because ___ doesn't require oxygen, it's said to be ___

Back 43

fermentation, anaerobic

Front 44

ther tern abaerobic means "___"

Back 44

not in air

Front 45

the two main types of fermentation are ___ fermentation and ___ ___ fermentation

Back 45

alcoholic, lactic acid

Front 46

___ and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation, forming ___ ___ and ___ ___ as wastes

Back 46

ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide

Front 47

the equation for alcoholic fermentation after ___ is:

Back 47

glycolysis
pyruvic acid + NADH --> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Front 48

alcoholic fermentation produces ____ ____ as well as ____

Back 48

carbon dioxide, alcohol

Front 49

what causes bread dough to rise?

Back 49

alcoholic fermentation

Front 50

when yeast in the bread dough runs out of ____, it begins to ____, giving off bubbles of ____ ____ that form the air spaces you see in a slice of bread

Back 50

oxygen, ferment, carbon dioxide

Front 51

the small amount of ____ produced in the bread dough ____ when the bread is baked

Back 51

alcohol, evaporates

Front 52

in many cells, the pyruvic acid that accumulates as a result of ____ can be converted to ____ ____

Back 52

glycolysis, lactic acid

Front 53

this process generates NAD+ so that glycollysis can continue

Back 53

lactic acid fermentation

Front 54

____ ____ fermentation regenerates ____ so that glycolysis can continue

Back 54

lactic acid, NAD+

Front 55

the equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis is:

Back 55

pyruvic acid + NADH --> lactic acid + NAD+

Front 56

____ ____ is produced in ____ during rapid exercise when the body can't supply enough ____ to the tissues

Back 56

lactic acid, muscles, oxygen

Front 57

lactic acid fermentation converts ____ into ____ ____

Back 57

glucose, lactic acid

Front 58

when you exercise vigorously by running, swimming, or riding a bike as fast as you can, the large muscles of your arms and legs quickly run out of ____, your muscle cells rapidly begin to produce ____ by ____ ____ ____

Back 58

oxygen, ATP, lactic acid fermentation

Front 59

the buildup of ____ ____ causes a painful, burning sensation--this is why muscles may feel sore after only a few seconds of intense activity

Back 59

lactic acid

Front 60

____ organisms also produce ________ as a waste product during fermentation

Back 60

unicellular, lactic acid

Front 61

____ are used in the production of a wide variety of foods and beverages, such as cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, and sour cream (what process of production is this?)

Back 61

prokaryotes
lactic acid fermentation

Front 62

pickles, sawuerkraut, and kimchi are also produced using the ____________

Back 62

lactic acid fermentation