Cellular Respiration

Front 1

to release NRG, in starch/sucrose, what must happen?

Back 1

The must be broken down into glucose

Front 2

when glucose is broken down, in does what

Back 2

enters respiration

Front 3

Repiraiton: in the presence of _______ glucose is broken down to CO2 and water

Back 3

oxygen

Front 4

The release of NRG is captured in what

Back 4

atp

Front 5

respiration is

Back 5

reverse photosynthesis

Front 6

e- is transferred from carbohydrates by ____

Back 6

reduced NADH

Front 7

NADH carries electrons to ______ which deposits them on _____

Back 7

etc, oxygen

Front 8

As e- are added, ___ are attracted and oxygen is converted in water

Back 8

Hydrogen ions

Front 9

Steps of respiration

Back 9

1. glycolysis 2. acetyl coenzyme A formation 3. krebs cycle 4. electron transport chain 5. chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation

Front 10

what is glycolysis

Back 10

taking glucose and making it into pyruvate

Front 11

After glycolysis, the pyruvate makes what

Back 11

Acetyl COA

Front 12

krebs cycle produces what

Back 12

CO2

Front 13

chemiosmosis and oxidate phosphorylation is comparable to what

Back 13

ATP synthase complex

Front 14

Where does cellular respiration occur

Back 14

mitochondria

Front 15

what function of CR occurs in the cytoplasm/

Back 15

glycolysis

Front 16

what function of CR occurs in the matrix

Back 16

Acetyl CoA and Krebs cycle

Front 17

What functions of CR occur in the critsae

Back 17

ETC, and oxidative phosphorylation

Front 18

IS O required for glycolysis

Back 18

NO

Front 19

In Glyco., glucose (6-C) split into two what?

Back 19

pyruvate (3-C)

Front 20

In glyco., NRG is captured as _______ or is contained in pyruvate

Back 20

NADH

Front 21

What is the net gain of glyco.

Back 21

2 ATP per glucose

Front 22

glyco means

Back 22

sugar

Front 23

lysis means

Back 23

breaking

Front 24

aerobic respiration

Back 24

oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor

Front 25

anaerobic respiration

Back 25

fermentation, respiration occurs without oxygen

Front 26

fermentation is ____

Back 26

respiration without oxygen

Front 27

In fermentation, pyruvate is broken down into what?

Back 27

ethyl alcohol and CO2

Front 28

In animals, the byproduct of anaerobic respiration is NOT ethyl alcohol, but ____

Back 28

lactic acid (muscle fatigue)

Front 29

After glyco., pyruvate moves from cytoplasm to ____

Back 29

the matrix

Front 30

In the matrix, CO2 is

Back 30

split off from pyruvate

Front 31

Acetyl group (2-c) +coenzyme A (CoA) ->

Back 31

acetyle CoA

Front 32

In Acetyl CoA, for each glucose molecule, what is make?

Back 32

2 pyruvate from glycolysis, and 2 acetyl groups enter the krebs cycle

Front 33

Krebs cycle is also called

Back 33

citric acid cycle

Front 34

Acetyl CoA transfers acetyl group to what?

Back 34

oxaloacetate

Front 35

During the transfer of acetyl groups to oxaloacetate, what is yielded?

Back 35

citrate (6-c)

Front 36

1 acetyl group is oxidized to

Back 36

2 CO2

Front 37

Most NRG from krebs cycle is transfers to NAD and FAD to become what?

Back 37

NADH and FADH

Front 38

One krebs cycles produces

Back 38

3 NADH and 1 FADH

Front 39

What happens to oxaloacetate during krebs cycle

Back 39

it is regenerated

Front 40

For each glucose molecule, how many acetyl groups enter cycle

Back 40

2

Front 41

for each glucose molecule, how many ATP enter cycle

Back 41

2 atp

Front 42

For each glucose molecule, how many NADH enter krebs cycle

Back 42

6 NADH

Front 43

the electron transport chain is broken down into 4 subunit ______ ________

Back 43

protein complexes

Front 44

Complex 1of electron transport chain

Back 44

oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and reduce ubiquinone to ubiquinol

Front 45

Complex 2 of electron transport chain

Back 45

1. oxidizes FADH into FAD and reduce ubiquinone

2. ubiquinone carries e- from complexes I and II to complex III

Front 46

What happens in ETC complex III

Back 46

E- pass from ubiquinol to cytochrome c

cytochrome c transfers 1 e- at a time from complex III to complex IV

Front 47

complex IV

Back 47

oxygen is reduced to water

Front 48

the ETC creates a __________________-

Back 48

hydrogen concentration gradient

Front 49

the hydrogen concentration gradient causes ______- to occur

Back 49

diffusion

Front 50

NADH and FADH2 become

Back 50

NAD+ and FAD

Front 51

NAD and FAD can be used again where

Back 51

krebs cycle

Front 52

chemiosmosis is the

Back 52

flow of Hydorgen

Front 53

hydrogen flows through the what?

Back 53

ATP synthase complex

Front 54

NRG is captured in ATP because

Back 54

Hydrogen diffuse back into the matrix because the concentration gradient

Front 55

oxidative phosphoylation refers to

Back 55

converting ADP to ATP

Front 56

why is it called OXIDATIVE

Back 56

oxygen is the final electron acceptor

Front 57

NRG is captured in what?

Back 57

phosphorylation

Front 58

At the end of it all, how many ATP are generated from 1 glucose molecule?

Back 58

up to 34

Front 59

How many ATP are yielded before the last step

Back 59

4

Front 60

in aerobic respiration, what is the maximum yield from 1 glucose

Back 60

38

Front 61

What are environmental factors that may affect cellular respiration?

Back 61

1. temperature

2. oxygen availability

Front 62

10˚Cincrease between 5˚C and 25˚C

Back 62

doublesrespiration rate

Front 63

above 30 c

Back 63

slower increases

Front 64

below 5 c

Back 64

rate greatly decrease3s

Front 65

above 40 c

Back 65

rate greatly decreases

Front 66

oxygen availibility changes at night because

Back 66

there is no photosynthesis, stomata may close