Cellular Respiration

Front 1

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 1

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 2

The processes by which cells convert energy in the chemical bonds of nutrients to ATP energy.

Back 2

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Front 3

intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways

Back 3

Precursor metabolites are intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways

Front 4

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 4

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 5

Energy-requiring reactions in which chemical compounds are synthesized.

Back 5

ANABOLISM

Front 6

Requires molecular oxygen.

Back 6

AEROBIC

Front 7

Name two anaerobic exergonic forms of cellular respiration.

Back 7

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not require oxygen

Front 8

To grow, function, and reproduce, cells must:

Back 8

1) synthesize new cellular components such as cell walls, cell membranes, nucleic acids, ribosomes, proteins, flagella, etc., and;
2) harvest energy and convert it into a form that is usable to do cellular work.

Front 9

The endergonic process that uses the energy stored in ATP to synthesize the building blocks of the macromolecules that make up the cell.

Back 9

Anabolism

Front 10

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 10

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 11

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 11

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 12

Energy-requiring reactions in which chemical compounds are
synthesized.

Back 12

ANABOLISM

Front 13

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 13

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 14

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 14

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 15

Name an exergonic pathway that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Back 15

Aerobic Respiration: Aerobic respiration is an exergonic pathway
that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Front 16

Name two anaerobic exergonic forms of cellular respiration.

Back 16

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not require oxygen

Front 17

Name two anaerobic exergonic forms of cellular respiration.

Back 17

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not require oxygen

Front 18

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 18

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 19

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of macromolecules

Back 19

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 20

Name an exergonic pathway that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Back 20

Aerobic Respiration: Aerobic respiration is an exergonic pathway that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Front 21

the form of energy required to do cellular work.

Back 21

ATP

Front 22

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 22

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 23

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 23

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 24

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 24

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 25

Energy-requiring reactions in which chemical compounds are
synthesized.

Back 25

ANABOLISM

Front 26

Energy-requiring reactions in which chemical compounds are
synthesized.

Back 26

ANABOLISM

Front 27

Name an exergonic pathway that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Back 27

Aerobic Respiration: Aerobic respiration is an exergonic pathway
that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Front 28

Name an exergonic pathway that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Back 28

Aerobic Respiration: Aerobic respiration is an exergonic pathway
that requires molecular oxygen (O2).

Front 29

Name two anaerobic exergonic forms of cellular respiration.

Back 29

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not require oxygen

Front 30

Name two anaerobic exergonic forms of cellular respiration.

Back 30

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not require oxygen

Front 31

Reactions in which energy is harvested as chemical
compounds are broken down.

Back 31

CATABOLISM

Front 32

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Back 32

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 33

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Back 33

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 34

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Back 34

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 35

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Back 35

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 36

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Back 36

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:
Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 37

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 37

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 38

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 38

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 39

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 39

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 40

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 40

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 41

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 41

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 42

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 42

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 43

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 43

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 44

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 44

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 45

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 45

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 46

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 46

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 47

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 47

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 48

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 48

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 49

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 49

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 50

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 50

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 51

Intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can
be oxidized to generate ATP or synthesize subunits of
macromolecules

Back 51

PRECURSOR METABOLITES

Front 52

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 52

Anaerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 53

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 53

Anerobic
Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 54

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 54

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 55

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 55

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 56

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 56

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 57

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 57

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 58

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 58

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 59

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 59

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 60

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 60

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 61

Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be:

Back 61

Anerobic Anerobic reactions do not require oxygen.

Front 62

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 62

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 63

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 63

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 64

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 64

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 65

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 65

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 66

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 66

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 67

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 67

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 68

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 68

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 69

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 69

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 70

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 70

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 71

Precursor metabolites can do two important things:

Back 71

Precursor metabolites can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can
be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids,
lipids, and nucleotides.

Front 72

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 72

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 73

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 73

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 74

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 74

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 75

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 75

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 76

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 76

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 77

A chemical reaction
that releases energy.

Back 77

EXERGONIC REACTION

Front 78

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 78

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 79

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 79

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 80

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 80

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 81

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 81

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 82

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 82

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 83

A chemical reactions that requires energy.

Back 83

ENDERGONIC REACTION

Front 84

If you isolate mitochondria and place them in buffer with a low pH they begin to manufacture ATP. Why?

A. Low pH increases the concentration of base causing mitochondria to pump out H+ to the inter membrane space leading to ATP production.
B. The high external acid concentration causes an increase in H+ in the inter membrane space leading to increased ATP production by ATP synthetase.
C. Low pH increases the acid concentration in the mitochondrial matrix, a condition that normally causes ATP production.
D. Low pH increases the OH- concentration in the matrix resulting in ATP production by ATP synthetase.

Back 84

B. The high external acid concentration causes an increase in H+ in the inter membrane space leading to increased ATP production by ATP synthetase.

Mitochondrial production of ATP requires a concentration gradient of H+, with a high concentration at the inter membrane space and a low concentration in the matrix. The inner membrane is impermeable to H+, but the outer membrane of the mitochondria will allow H+ to pass through. Thus, placing mitochondria in a low pH buffer produces a H+ gradient that can generate ATP through ATP synthetase

Front 85

Glycolysis leads to the production of ____________ and two molecules of ATP. In the absence of oxygen, fermentation leads to the production of ______________. Glycolysis plus the citric acid cycle can convert the carbons of glucose to _________ , storing the energy as ATP, _____________ and ___________.
A. lactic acid, pyruvate, CO2, NADH, FADH2
B. pyruvate, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2
C. CO2, NADH, FADH2, lactic acid, pyruvate
D. O2, lactic acid, pyruvate, FADH2
E. glucose, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2

Back 85

B. pyruvate, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2
In glycolysis, glucose with six carbons is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, each with three carbons. In fermentation, pyruvate is reduced by NAD+ producing lactic acid. In the citric acid cycle, the carbons of glucose are converted to CO2 and the H atoms used to reduce NAD+ and FAD forming NADH and FADH2.

Front 86

At the end of glycolysis, each molecule of glucose has yielded 2 molecules of _______, 2 molecules of ________, and a net of 2 molecules of _________.

A. FAD; NAD+; ADP
B. CO2; NAD+; ADP
C. lactic acid; ethanol; CO2
D. pyruvate; NADH; ATP
E. H2O; CO2; ATP

Back 86

D. pyruvate; NADH; ATP
Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate, yielding a net 2 ATP and 2 NADH. Recall that 2 ATP were needed to initiate glycolysis and 4 ATP were produced in the pathway, for a net gain of 2 ATP.