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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is glycogen stored in animals?
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liver and skeletal muscles
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Where is glucose stored in plants?
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stored as starch
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cellular respiration produces what 3 components?
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heat, co2, and water
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Heat is measured in what?
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calories
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1 food calorie= ? food Cal
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1000 food Calories
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Name the 3 major steps to cellular respiration
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Glycolysis
Krebs cycle (aka tricarboxylic acid cycle) Electron transport system (ETS) |
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the process by which glucose is broken down into E (heat and atp)
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cellular respiration
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anaerobic process of cellular respiration
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Glycolysis
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Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
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cytoplasm
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Glycolysis creates what molecules?
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2 pyruvic acid molecules
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pyruvate is...
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pyruvic acid without hydrogen
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phospate is added to glucose in glycolysis why?>
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changes the composition so that it cannot leave the cell...trapped to be used as energy
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Phosphorylation
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addition of phosphate groups to a molecule....necessary to make cell membrane impermeable to the glucose compound
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net yield in glycolysis
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2ATP/1glucose molecule
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Name the gas biproduct of cellular respiration...
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carbon dioxide CO2
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glycolysis literally means....
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the splitting of glucose
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What percentage of our food intake supplies the brain?
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88%
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Pyruvic acid without hydrogen is known as...
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pyruvate
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The net yield of Glycolysis is
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2 ATP and 1 glucose molecule
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the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule....to make cell membrane impermeable to the glucose compound
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phosphorylation
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the pyruvic acid or pyruvate from glycolysis goes where?
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diffuses into the mitochondria
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Krebs cycle is otherwise known as the....
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citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Where does the kreb cycle occur?
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In the matrix ....part of the mitochondrion
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Does the Krebs cycle require oxygen?
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yes...aerobic
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The goal of the Krebs cycle is....
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removal of H+ from pyruvic acid and other intermediate molecules in order to eventually fuel the reaction
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Coenzymes that accept the H+ along with their high-energy electrons...also known as electron carriers
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NAD and FAD
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What is the first intermediate product made in the krebs cycle?
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citric acid
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What is the official start of the Krebs cycle?
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Acetyl COA
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Where does the Electron Transport system occur?
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the cristae....or outer membrane of the matrix in the mitochondria
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Name the biproducts of cellular respiration...
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Pyruvic Acid..3C molecule
Acetyl CoA..2C molecule Oxaloacetic acid..4C molecule Citric Acid ...6C molecule |
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NADH & FADH2 pass on hydrogen ions and e- to more electron carriers known as the cytochromes
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Electron transport system
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Where is the cytochrome chain located?
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embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria...cristae
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diffusion of hydrogen through an enzymatic membrane protein called...
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ATP synthase
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In these conditions the e- are blocked from cytochromes to the 02 acceptor
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carbon monoxide poisoning and cyanide poisoning
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the final electron acceptor is...
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oxygen
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What is the ATP yield from the Krebs cycle?
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34 ATP
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What is the energy yield from glycolysis?
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2 ATP
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What is the total energy yield from cellular respiration per 1 molecule of glucose?
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36 ATP
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In the cardiac and liver cells the total energy yield from cellular respiration from 1 molecule of glucose is?
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38 ATP
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Do plants undergo cellular respiration?
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yes....they perform photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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Can ATP be derived from proteins and lipids?
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Yes
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The body burns the food we eat in this order to create energy...
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1. carbs
2. lipids 3. proteins |
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energy produced in the absence of oxygen....(anaerobic)
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fermentation
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Name the two types of fermentation?
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Lactic Acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation |
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Lactic acid fermentation usually occurs in ...
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complex organisms and causes muscle fatigue
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Alcoholic fermentation usually occurs in..
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simple organisms (bacteria & fungi)
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products of alcoholic fermentation are....
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ethanol and CO2
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