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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mitochondrian?
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Cell organelle involved in respiration
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What is cytoplasm?
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Fluid surrounding the contents of a cell
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What is a golgi apparatus
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processing area for the creation of glycoprotein
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
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organelle involved in protein synthesis
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What are vesicles?
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Packages of substances to be used in cell or secreted by it
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What is a nucleus?
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The "brain" of a cell
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What is a cell membrane?
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The outer layer of a cell that regulates molecules going in and out, also protective and structural
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What is a cell wall?
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Structure that provides structural and protective role, in plants
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What are the three methods for transporting ions through cell membrane?
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Active transport, passive transport (diffusion), simple diffusion
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What does ATP stand for?
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Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
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What is ADP?
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Adenosine Diphosphate
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What causes energy to be releaseed in a cell?
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Breaking of molecular bond (ATP to ADP)
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What molecule is used to create ATP?
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Glucose
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What is the process of breaking down glucose to allow energy to be used by organism?
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Respiration
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What are the three distinct areas of the process of respiration?
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Glycolysis
Kreb's cycle Cytochrome System |
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Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
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Cytoplasm
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What acid is created in glycolysis by breaking down glucose?
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pyruvic acid
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Does the Kreb's Cycle occur in aerobic conditions or anaerobic conditions?
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Aerobic
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Where does the pyruvic acid from glycolysis diffuse in the cell?
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mitochondria
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What process consists of the breakdown of pyruvic acid by enzymes, releasing CO2 and hydrogen?
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Kreb's cycle
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What is the hydrogen carrier system called?
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Cytochrome system
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Where is the cytochrome system found in a cell?
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On the cristae of mitochondria
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What is the process plants undertake to create organic materials from carbon dioxide and water with sunlight?
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Photosynthesis
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What are the two distinct areas of the photosynthesis process?
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Photolysis (photochemical stage)
Calvin Cycle (thermochemical stage) |
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Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell?
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In the granum of a chloroplast
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What is the photosynthetic pigment that converts light to chemical energy?
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Cholorophyll
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What happens to oxygen in photolysis?
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As water, oxygen is split from hydrogen and released as a byproduct
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Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the cell?
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In the stroma of chloroplasts
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What is another name for the Calvin Cycle?
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The carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis
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Where do animals get their energy?
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From food
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Where do plants get their energy?
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From the sun
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What determines the structure and functions of a cell?
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Chromosomes
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What does DNA stand for?
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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What is the basic structural unit of nucleic acids?
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Nucleotide
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What does the "A" in the DNA sequence ACGT stand for?
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adenine
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What does the "C" in the DNA sequence ACGT stand for?
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cytosine
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What does the "G" in the DNA sequence ACGT stand for?
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guanine
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What does the "T" in the DNA sequence ACGT stand for?
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thymine
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What is the major store of genetic information in a cell?
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DNA
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What is DNA transcribed into?
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RNA
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What is RNA translated into?
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Protein
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What is a cell that does not have a nuclear membrane or membrane bound organelles?
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Prokaryote
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What is a cell that has a nuclear membrane?
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Eukaryote
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What organelle is considered the "powerhouse" of the cell, where energy is obtained from food?
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Mitochondria
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What part of a plant cell stores chlorophyll for use by chloroplasts?
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Plastids
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What part of a cell carries out digestive functions?
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Lysosomes
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What is the transportation system of a cell?
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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What part of a cell carries out cell transportation of protein materials?
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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What part of the cell makes, stores and distributes hormones, enzymes, and other protein needed by cell?
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Golgi apparatus
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What part of the cell makes, stores, and secretes oxidation enzymes needed by the cell?
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Peroxisomes
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What are fluid-filled sacs in a cell that usually contain water, protein, etc.?
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Vacuoles
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What are the short, cylindrical microtubules that play a role in cell movement by direction formation of cilia and flagella?
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Basal bodies
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What is the part of a plant cell that supports and protects the cell and is often made of cellulose?
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Cell wall
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What are the small bodies that lie just outside the nucleus in animal cells and play a role in cell division and motility?
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Centrioles
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Which part of the cell contains RNA, proteins and some DNA?
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Nucleus
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What are the threadlist structures of a cell composed mainly of DNA arranged in genes?
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Chromosomes
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What is the balance or working equlibrium of a cell?
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Homeostasis
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What provides energy, maintenance, growth and reproduction functions for cells?
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Protein
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What is the process in which protein is broken down into amino acids?
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Protein degradation
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What are amino acids reconstructed into to be used by organelles of a cell?
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Peptide chains
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What is the process of combining amino acids to produce peptide chains?
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Protein synthesis
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What is the process where each of two daughter nuclei receives the same chromosome complement as the parent nucleus?
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Mitosis
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What are the five phases of Mitosis?
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Interphase
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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First stage of mitosis: DNA replicates self in nucleus
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Interphase
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Second stage of mitosis: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers.
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Prophase
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Third phase of mitosis: chromosomes align in the middle (equator)
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Metaphase
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Third stage of mitosis: Centromere of each chromatid split, chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell
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Anaphase
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Fifth stage of mitosis: chromosomes begin to uncoil, nuclear membrane reappears, divides
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Telophase
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