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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what inactivates cyclin-CDK complexes?
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p21, p27, p57
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what controls activation of p21
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p53
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what 2 cyclins control G1-->S?
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cyclin D, E
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what 2 cyclins control G2 --> M?
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cyclin A, B
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how does cyclin D work?
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binds CDK4 --> phosphorylates Rb --> E2F is free to transcribe
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how does cyclin E work?
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binds CDK2 --> cell progresses to S phase
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how does cyclin A work?
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binds CDK2 --> mitotic prophase
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how does cyclin B work?
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binds CKD1, activated by cdc25 --> breakdown nuclear envelope + initiate mitosis
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what organelle does N-linked oligosaccaride addition?
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RER
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name 2 cells rich in RER
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goblet cells of SI, plasma cells
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what are Nissl bodies?
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RER in neurons: synthesize enzymes + peptide NTs
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name 2 cells rich in SER
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hepatocytes, adrenal cortex
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what organelle adds O-oligosaccharides?
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golgi
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which 3 amino acids are modified by the golgi and how?
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asparagine (modify N oligo), serine + threonine (add O oligo)
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role of Clathrin
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transports endocytosed vesicle from PM to endosome
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presentation of I cell disease
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coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint mvt high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes
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sulfation of sugars can occur on what amino acid?
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tyrosine
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what is the structure of MT
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helical array of poymerized dimers of α and β tubulin
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what is the energy source on a MT?
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2 GTP bound
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dynein moves which direction?
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retrograde
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kinesin moves which direction?
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anterograde
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what syndrome is a MT polyermization defect?
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Chediak Higashi: decreased phagocytosis
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what is the role of axonemal dynein?
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ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets --> causes bending of cilium
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what are the 2 main components of PM?
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cholesterol, phospholipids
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vimentin stains?
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connective tissue
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desmin stains?
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muscle
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cytokeratin stains?
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epithelial cells
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GFAP stains?
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neuroglia
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neurofilament stains?
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neurons
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MOA ouabain
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inhibits Na/K pump by binding to K+ site
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direct of ion mvt of Na/K pump?
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3 Na out, 2 K in
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which side is the ATP site located on the Na/K pump?
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cytoplasmic side
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what is the most abundant protein in the body/
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collagen
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type I collagen
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bone, skin, tendon = strong
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type II collagen
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cartilage, vitreous humor, nucleus proposus = slippery
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type III collagen
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skin, vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue = bloody
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type IV collage
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BM
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collagen synthesis in the RER makes what?
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preprocollagen: Gly-X-Y polypeptide (proline, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine)
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hydroxylation of collagen requires what? What residues?
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vit C, proline + lysine residues
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glycosylation of what chains forms procollagen?
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pro-α-chain lysine residues
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tropocollagen is created after what step?
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cleave terminal regions of procaollagen
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collagen fibrils are created by crosslinking what
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lysine-hydroxylysine
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lysyl oxidase does what? Requires what?
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covalent lysine-hydroxylsine cross linkage; requires copper
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what type of collagen affected in Ehlers Danlos?
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3
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what type of collagen affected in osteogenesis imperfecta?
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1
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presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta? Inheritance?
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AD: multiple fractures, blue sclera, hearing loss, dental imperfections
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what type of collagen is affect in Alport's?
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4
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Elastin is found where?
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lungs, large arteries, elastic ligaments, vocal cords, ligamenta flava
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what amino acids are abundant in elastin?
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proline, glycine
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what is tropoelastin composed of?
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elastin + fibrillin scaffolding
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