Cellular Adhesion

Front 1

How many classes are there of cell adhesion molecules(CAMs)?

Back 1

Four classes of CAMs glue multicellular organisms together

Front 2

CAM binding is ______________.

Back 2

Homophilic; Cams on one cell to the same CAM on the opposing cell.

Front 3

Cell-Cell adhesion is a key element in cell regulation and tissue physiology, it is fundamental in ________ and __________.

Back 3

Morphogenesis and regeneration.

Front 4

All known CAMs are large intrinsic cell-surface ________ that are ________ in the plane of the membrane.

Back 4

Glycoproteins, Mobile

Front 5

The N-CAM is a homophiic Calcium-________ cell-cell adhesion molecule made by nearly all neurons and glial cells.

Back 5

Independent

Front 6

N-CAMS can bind to neurons and glial cells and effectively fix neurons and glial cells in place in ________ and _______ tissue.

Back 6

Nerve and brain

Front 7

NCAMs are distributed only on _____ and _____ and not on cell bodies of neurons so that neuron-glial interaction is restricted to thses regions.(In Adults)

Back 7

axons and dendrites

Front 8

__________ _______ are good examples of adhesion maintained by bonds between N-CAMS in the peripheral nervous system.

Back 8

Myelin Sheaths

Front 9

Cell surface glycoproteins (at least 80) involved in calcium-DEPENDENT cell-cell adhesion.

Back 9

Cadherins

Front 10

E-cadherin =____1____
N-Cadherin =____2____
P-Cadherin =____3____

Back 10

1. epithelial cells
2. Nervous and muscle tissue
3. placenta and epidermis

Front 11

Cadherins are homologous _____________ transmembrane glycoproteins.

Back 11

single-pass

Front 12

Caderin binding is __________

Back 12

homophilic

Front 13

In the absence of ________, the cadherins are rapidly degraded.

Back 13

calcium

Front 14

Two cell junctions where cadherins are typically concentrated.

Back 14

Zonula adherens and desmosomes. Function as transmembrane linkers connecting actin cytoskeletons of the cells it holds together.

Front 15

Receptor family of proteins that mostly link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, some participate in cell-cell adhesion.

Back 15

Integrins

Front 16

Name of protein that integrates the activities of the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.

Back 16

Integrin

Front 17

Integrins are heterodimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits. These subunits combine to form at least ___ different integrins.

Back 17

24

Front 18

Integrins are ______ _______ dependent.

Back 18

divalent cation ; Calcium or magnesium depending on the integrin.

Front 19

Family of cell-surface carbohydrate binding proteins are called_______.

Back 19

selectins

Front 20

Selectin binding is _________ and calcium __________.

Back 20

heterophilic and dependent.

Front 21

Defense against infection requires neutrophils to leave the bloodstream and migrate to the needed area. Local chemical mediators (chemokines and lymphokines) signal the endothelial cells to express low-affinity adhesion molecules, the ________.

Back 21

P-selectins

Front 22

Selectins contain a carbohydrate-binding lectin domain that extends from the cell surface and recognizes a specific __________ that is expressed on the surface of a neutrophil. This allows the neutrophil to stick to the endothelial cells at the inflammation site.

Back 22

Oligosaccharide

Front 23

the binding of each lectin domeain to its specific oligosaccharide is of relatively ______ affininty.

Back 23

low

Front 24

The association and subsequent dissasociation of the domain from the oligosaccharide occur __________. This enables the selectins to bind the passing blood cells to the vessel wall while at the same time allowing the attracted cells to roll along the endothelium at the inflammed site.

Back 24

Quickly.

Front 25

The neutrophils cytoskeleton becomes more ______ upon binding of the selectins, helping the rolling/tumbling along the endothelial wall.

Back 25

Stiff

Front 26

The selectin binding its receptor causes an increase in _____ and/or initiates a signal cascade resulting in an activated cell.

Back 26

calcium

Front 27

After the calcium signal cascade, ______ on the neutophil become activated and adhere to the _______ on the endothelial cells. These attatchments cause the neutrophil to flatten out.

Back 27

integrins, ICAMS

Front 28

A flattened neutrophil establishes a leading edge. It extends its leading edge throught the retracted endothelial cells and _______ throght the vascular wall into the extracellular matrix.

Back 28

diapedeses

Front 29

Histamine and thombin cause cellular retraction to occur which does what?

Back 29

Opens gaps in the vascular wall which the neutrophil will diapedeses through.

Front 30

The sequence of events leading to an activated neutrophil that will diapedese through the vascular wall is called

Back 30

margination and extravasation