Cells, Synapses, And Neurotransmitters

Front 1

Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) Neurons

Back 1

Look like a skinny branch.

Front 2

Pyramidal cell neuron

Back 2

Looks like a puny Christmas tree.

Front 3

Purkinje cell neuron

Back 3

Looks like a big bushy tree

Front 4

Myelin

Back 4

Decreases capacitance and increases electrical resistance across the cell membrane (the axolemma).

Increases the length constant and the speed of conduction of action potentials.

Front 5

Saltatory Conduction

Back 5

Myelin sheathing has bare patches of axon called nodes of Ranvier.

Action potentials jump from node to node.

Front 6

Oligodendroglial Cells

Back 6

Form the myelin sheath in the CNS; usually each cell forms the myelin of several axons.

Front 7

Microglia

Back 7

Originate in the blood and enter the brain during inflammation; they have phagocyte activity.

Front 8

Astrocytes

Back 8

Foot processes cover brain capillaries and parts of neurons; they help form the blood-brain barrier, take up ions and neurotransmitters.

Front 9

Analog signals

Back 9

Synaptic transmissions

Front 10

Digital signals

Back 10

Action potentials

Front 11

General mechanism of the origin and termination of neurotransmission.

Back 11

1. Action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal

2. Activation of calcium channel

3. Calcium influx

4. Release of neurotransmitters from the vesicles

5. Activation of receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and recycle of neurotransmitters.

Front 12

Dopamine

Back 12

Stored in and released from Large Dense Core Vesicles (LDCVs)

Front 13

V-snare

Back 13

Mediates vesicle fusion. From synaptobrevin.

Front 14

T-Snare

Back 14

Mediates vesicle fusion. From synaxtin.

Front 15

Synaptotagmin

Back 15

Binds to Ca2+ and confers Ca2+ to vesicle fusion.