Cells In Action - Chapter 1

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

- All living organisms are made up of cells
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells
- Cells are the smallest living organisational unit
- All cells are similar but not identical

Front 2

Prokaryotic cells

Back 2

- Kingdoms: Archaea & Monera
- Extremely small,
- Simple internal structure and
- No membrance bound organelles (including nucleus)

Front 3

Eukaryotic cells

Back 3

- Kingdoms: Plantae, Animalia, Prostista & Fungi
- Single celled & all multicellular organisms,
- Complex internal structure
- Many membrane bound organelles

Front 4

Cell Membrane

Back 4

Description: Composed of lipid molecules (also called the phospholipid bilayer)

Function: Encloses all cell contents, regulates the movement of materil into and out of the cell. Communication with neighbouring cells.

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokaryotic Cells: YES

Front 5

Nucleus

Back 5

Description: Surrounded by doulbe membrane. Very large, contains chromosomes and nucleolus.

Function: Contains most of the genetice material in a cell and is where DNA is replicated

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokaryotic Cells: NO

Front 6

Nucleolus

Back 6

Descripton: Made of protein & nucleic acid

Function: Site of manufacture of ribosomal RNA

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokaryotic Cells: NO

Front 7

Nuclear Membrane

Back 7

Description: A double membrane, containing many pores

Function: Regulates the movement of material between the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Animal: YES
Plant:YES
Prokayotic Cells: NO

Front 8

Mitochondria

Back 8

Description: Sacs made up of two membranes

Function: Site of aerobic respiration, they are responsible for most of the cells energy production

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokaryotic Cells: NO

Front 9

Ribosomes

Back 9

Description: composed of RNA and protein

Function: Site of protein synthesis

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokaryotic Cells: YES

Front 10

Golgi Apparatus

Back 10

Description: Stacks of flattened membrane sacs

Function: Packages proteins into vesicles for secretion from the cell or to be sent to other organelles

Front 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 11

Description: Thin membrane sheets dividing to cytoplasm into compartmets & channels. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes

Function (Rough): Ribosomes produce the protein and allows substances to move around the cell. If there is too much the ER can pinch off into vesicles.

Function (Smooth): Transport proteins, synthesis lipids, and to assist in the manufacture of plasma membrane.

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokayotic Cells: NO

Front 12

Lysosomes

Back 12

Description: A membrane sac containing many digestive enzymes

Function: They contain enzymes that digest worn out organelles, viruses or bacteria. it is like the cells immune system

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokaryotic Cells: NO

Front 13

Vacuole

Back 13

Description: A membrane bound sac containing fluid, sugar and ions

Function: Stores sugars, minerals, proteins and water

Animal: YES
Plant: YES
Prokayotic Cells: NO

Front 14

Chloroplasts

Back 14

Description: Contains stacks of membrane embedded in less dense membrane fluid. (Also contains chlorophyll)

Function: Site of photosynthesis

Animal: NO
Plant: YES (not all but it is common)
Prokaryotic Cells: NO

Front 15

Flagella or Cilia

Back 15

Description: Modes of transport for single celled organisms

Function: Provide the means of movement of the cell or of the fluid surrounding it

Animal: YES (some)
Plant: YES (some)
Prokaryotic Cells: YES (some)

Front 16

Cell Wall

Back 16

Description: A layer of cellulose (in plants). Completely surrounds the cell membrane

Function: Provides structural support and defines the shape of cells

Front 17

Cellular Respiration

Back 17

Description: Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that involve a reaction between glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat energy:

Glucsoe + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Heat Energy

Front 18

ATP

Back 18

Description: ATP is an energy storage molecule that is used by the cell to power cellular processes.

Front 19

Photosynthesis

Back 19

Description: The chemical reaction using energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen:

Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen

NOTE: The transition from carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen canot occur without the presence of the sun and cholophyll.

Also note that photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast