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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
internal structure that gives cells their shape and is involved in movement. It is made up of fibers called microtubes and microfilaments
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CYTOSKELETON
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Small hairlike structures involved in movement., ex Paramecium use cilia to swim. In our lungs, respiratory track cilia is constantly beating upward to remove small debris.
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CILIA
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DIFFUSES ACROSS MEMBRANE FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION. NO ENERGY REQUIRED. EX.,OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER
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MEMBRANE PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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TRANSPORT PROTEIN, BRINGS ABOUT FACILITATED DIFFUSION e.g,.steroids, sugars and drugs
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MEMBRANE SELECTIVE TRANSPORT
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THE ABILITY TO DO WORK
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ENERGY
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ENERGY IS RELEASED BY CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF MOLECULES IN CELLS TO DO WORK
IN THE MITOCHONDRIA. - ATP.(ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE) |
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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ENERGY CURRENCY. A NUCLEOTIDE THAT PERFORMS MANY ESSENTIAL ROLES: ONE OF THE MONOMERS USED IN SYNTHESIS OF RNA AFTER CONVERSION TO DNA, REGULATED MANY BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS AND PROVIDES ENERGY FOR MOST OF THE ENERGY CONSUMING ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL
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ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE |
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PRODUCE THEIR OWN ENERGY
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PRODUCERS/AUTOTROPHS eg.,Plants
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NEED TO FEED FROM OTHER ORGANISMS
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CONSUMERS/HETEROTROPHS
eg.,humans,animals |
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Glucose+Oxygen+Carbon+Water
C6H12O6+6O2+6CO2+6H2O+ |
Celluar Respiration Formula which makes ATP (energy)
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Carbon+Water+ATP+Glucose+Oxygen
6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY+C6H12O6+6O2 |
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS (ENERGY CONVERSION)
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CHLOROPLAST
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TWO TWISTED CHAINS OF PROTEINS THAT CONTRACT TO CAUSE MOVEMENT. LIKE A TWIST ROPE
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MICROFILAMENTS
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INSIDE NUCLEUS-DNA (BLUEPRINT FOR LIFE)-MRNA-SENT OUT WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO RIBOSOMES-CARRIES OUT INSTRUCTIONS AND CREATES PROTEINS
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FLUID MOSAIC MODEL CELL
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HOLLOW TUBES LIKE PLUMBING PIPES, THEY ARE TRACKS FOR ORGANELLES TO MOVE ALONG
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MICROTUBULUS
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three domains of life
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BACTERIA
ARCHAEA EUKARYOTA |
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MOST ARE MICROSCOPIC AND UNICELLULAR WITH SIMPLE CELL STRUCTURE NO NUCLEUS, NO CHLOROPLASSTS OR MITOCHONDRIA. PROKARYOTES
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BACTERIA
CYANOBACTERIA HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA |
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SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS LACKING NUCLEI, KNOWN AS MONERA, ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS BUT HAVE SINCE BEEN FOUND IN ALL TYPES OF HABITATS.
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ARCHAEA
HALOPHILES, THERMOPHILES |
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COMPLEX CELL IN WHICH GENETIC MATERIAL IS ORGANIZED INTO MEMBRANE-BOUND NUCLEUS. COMPRISE ANIMALS, PLANTS AND FUNGI WITH ARE MOSTLY MULTICELLULAR AS WELL AS PROTISTS WHICH ARE UNICELLULAR
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EUKARYOTE
ANIMALS,PLANTS,FUNGI,PROTIST |
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MAY LOOK DIFFERENT AND FUNCTION VERY DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT SPECIES BUT THEY EXHIBIT FUNDAMENTAL SIMILARITIES BECAUSE THEY EVOLVED FROM THE SAME STRUCTURE THAT EXISTED IN A COMMON ANCESTER.
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HOMOLOGUS STRUCTURES
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STRUCTURES WITH SIMILAR ORIGINS
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DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
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CERTAIN STRUCTURES ARE SUPERFICIALLY SIMILAR BUT THE SPECIES ARE FROM DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONARY BRANCHES EG.,BAT WINGS , INSECT WINGS
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CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
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COMPARES THE GENES AND GENES PRODUCTS (PROTEINS)
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH FOR CLADES. IT IS A DISTINCTIVE BRANCH ON THE EVOLUTIONARY INNOVATIONS THAT DEFINE
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Cladistics Analysis
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two main points:
Modern species evolved from ancesteral forms. Natural selection is the main mechanism for evolution Wrote "the origins of Life" |
Darwin Two Main Points
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CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHRUS SALINE
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C H O N P S
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FOUR STAGE HYPOTHESIS OF LIFES ORIGINS
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1. ABIOTIC (NON LIVING)
2. ABIOTIC SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS. 3. ORIGINS OF SELF-REPLICATING MOLECULES 4. FORMULATION OF PRE-CELLS |
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LIFE EVOLVED
DIVERSITY VIA NATURAL SELECTION OBSERVATION:OVERPRODUCTION AND THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL LED TO INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS |
DARWIN 1859
THE ORIGINS OF SPECIES |
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A POPULATION OF ORGANISMS CAN CHANGE OVER THE GENERATIONS IF INDIVIDUALS HAVE CERTAIN HERITABLE TRAITS THEY LEAVE MORE OFFSPRINGS THAT OTHER INDIVIDUALS LACKING THOSE SPECIFIC HERITABLE TRAITS
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NATURAL SELECTION
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FAMOUSE TRIP: "HMS BEAGLE"
INFLUENCED BY LYELL. LYELL A GEOLOGIST PROPOSED THAT THE EARTH IS MUCH OLDER THAN 6000 YEARS OLD. |
DARWIN: OVERPRODUCTION
INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS |