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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a cell? |
The smallest self-sustained unit of life.
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What is the function of a nucleus? |
To host the DNA of the cell. |
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What is the function of a chloroplast? |
To perform photosynthesis.
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What is the function of a vacuole? |
Water storage and cellular structure. |
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What is the function of mitochondria? |
Provide energy through cellular respiration.
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What is the function of the plasma cell membrane? |
To contain the organelles and control movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
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What is the function of the primary cell wall? |
To provide structure.
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What is the function of the secondary cell wall? |
To provide rigid support (wood), protection (nut shells) and conduct water (xylem). |
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What is the function of cellulose? |
Composes the cell wall which provides structure to a plant cell. |
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What is the function of pectin? |
Pectin is secreted to fill some gaps between cells. Found in collenchyma cells for flexible support. |
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What is the function of lignin? |
To provide rigid plant support.
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What is turgor pressure? |
What the vacuole produces when it is full and presses against the primary cell wall. Turgor pressure keeps plant leaves and stems firm and upright.
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What is plasmolysis? |
When the protoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall causing the cell wall to collapse. |
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How do the cell wall and vacuole contribute to the structure and support of herbaceous plants? |
Turgor pressure from the vacuole keep the cell walls of a plant firm, preventing plasmolysis, which causes herbaceous plants to remain standing upright. |
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What is the function of paranchyma cells? |
Growth and repair, photosynthesis, food and water storage. |
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What is the function of collenchyma cells? |
To provide flexible support. |
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What is the function of sclerenchyma cells? |
Provide rigid support, protection (nut shells), conduct water (xylem). |
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What is the function of sclereids? |
To provide protection, such as nut shells. |
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What is the function of fibers? |
To provide support.
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What are sclereids? |
Short, woody cells. Found in nut shells and "grits" in pears.
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What are fibers? |
Long, woody cells for support.
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What is the shoot system? |
Everything on a plant that grows above ground. |
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What is the root system? |
Everything on a plant that grows below the ground. |
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What are meristems? |
The growing tips of stems and roots, also found in buds. |
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What are apical meristems? |
Meristems of primary growth - they grow vertically. |
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What are lateral meristems? |
Meristems that grow width-wise, such as branches. |
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What are intercalary meristems? |
Meristematic tissues in the stem that is unique to grasses.
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What is the purpose of the shoot system? |
The upward growth of leaves to perform photosynthesis, and carry water and minerals to leaves, carry food throughout the plant. |
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What is growth? |
The multiplication and elongation of cells. |
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What is primary growth in plants? |
Cell division - make more cells. |
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What is secondary growth in plants? |
Cell elongation - cells stretch, pushing apical meristem upwards. |
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What is cell differentiation? |
The process in which a cell becomes specialized for a certain function. |
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What is ground tissue? |
Plant cell tissue that is not vascular, dermal, or meristematic. Composed of parenchyma and collenchyma cells. |
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What is vascular tissue? |
Xylem and phloem in vascular plants, tissue that conducts water and minerals. Composed of parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. |
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What is dermal tissue? |
The skin of a plant. Composed of parenchyma cells. |
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What is the cortex? |
Filler cells between the dermal tissue and the phloem. |
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What is the pith? |
The very center of the stem. |
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What does the xylem do? |
Transports water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant. |
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What does the phloem do? |
Transports ATP, or food, throughout the plant. |
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What are tracheids? |
Xylem cells that have perforations, they conduct water slowly. |
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What are vessels? |
Xylem cells that have open ends, they conduct water quickly. |
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What are vascular bundles? |
The groupings of vascular tissues found in a stem. |
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What are sieve-tube members? |
Sieve-tube members are phloem cells that carry food. |
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What are companion cells? |
Companion cells are phloem cells that help sieve-tube members by providing food and water to help them function. |
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What is the vascular cambium? |
A lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem. |
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What is the vascular cylinder? |
Also known as the vascular tissue region in roots. The primary xylem and phloem central in a root. |
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What does the epidermis do? |
Protects the cells and tissues in side the plant. |
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What percentage of water are living beings made of? |
70-90% |
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About how many chemical elments are living organisms made of? |
27 |
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What is an atom? |
The smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that chemical element. |
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What are characteristics of atoms? |
A nucelus containing protons and neutrons, an orbital shell containing electrons. |
