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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Phospholipid bilayer

Another name for the cell membrane which is made up of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Visceral muscle fiber

Another name for smooth muscle fiber

Cardiac muscle fibers

Striated, involuntary, and contain intercalated discs.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that forms membranes

Types of connective tissue

Dense regular, dense irregular, lose, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood

Cytoplasm

Material enclosed by a cell membrane

Reticular fibers

Delicate connective tissue fibers

Matrix

In Connective tissue, the extracellular matrix is composed of ground substance and fibers.

Collagen

Protein fiber characterized by a tough, dense structure

Cytosol

The liquid part of cytoplasm

Anatomy

Scientific study of the structures of the body and the relationship of its parts

Organelles

The "little organs" inside the cell which are responsible for various functions

Lysosome

Cell organelle that is part of the intracellular digestive system. Responsible for breaking down waste products.

Lysosome

Cell organelle that is part of the intracellular digestive system. Responsible for breaking down waste products.

Cytoskeleton

Small filaments found in a cell that acts as an intracellular support system.

Microvilli

Small projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell.

Microvilli

Small projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell.

Cells

The basic units of life. Also the smallest structure that maintains all 13 characteristics of life.

Ground substance

Gel like substance surrounding cells

Ground substance

Gel like substance surrounding cells

Inorganic compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon or hydrogen.

Ground substance

Gel like substance surrounding cells

Inorganic compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon or hydrogen.

Proteins

Substances formed into amino acids.

Carbohydrates

Sugars, starches, and cellulose composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Lipids

Fats


Organic compounds that have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Adams but in a different proportion and that of carbohydrates.

Organic compounds

Substances that have carbon and hydrogen as part of their base structure.

Pinocytosis

A type of vesicular transport in which liquids are taken into the cell. "Sell drinking"

Phagocytosis

A type of the vesicular transport were solid substances are taken into a cell. "Cell eating"



Macrophages dispose of damaged cells and particles by ingesting and digesting them.

Membranes

Epithelial tissues that line body parts and cavities. The three types our serous, mucus and cutaneous.

Connective tissue

The most abundant type of tissue in the body. Blood, bone, fat, fascia and cartilage.

Levels of organization

Chemical


Organelle


Cellular


Tissue


Organ


System


Organism

Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of interconnected tubes, flattened sacks and channels distributed throughout the cytoplasm.

Golgi apparatus

Processes and packages proteins and some carbohydrates for distribution to other parts of the cell for secretion from the cell.

Lysosomes

Contain enzymes that function as the digestive system of the cell. These enzymes are enclosed in a membrane is to keep them from breaking down the cell itself.

DNA

The genetic material of the body.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the body that support life.

Atrophy

Decrease in the size of a cell or a body part.

Adenosine triphosphate


ATP

The body's energy molecule. It is produced by the mitochondria and stores energy in the muscles. When ATP is broken down during catabolic reactions it releases energy.

Characteristics of life

Maintenance of boundaries


Respiration


Digestion


Absorption


Movement


Secretion


Excretion


Reproduction


Conductivity


Circulation


Responsiveness


Growth


Metabolism

Mitochondria

Largest and most numerous of the organelles. They produce ATP which provides energy for the cell.

Peroxisomes

Similar to lysosomes except that they help to detoxify the sale of substances such as alcohol and hydrogen peroxide.

Ribosomes

Sites where are amino acids are combined to create various proteins. Often the most numerous organelle.

Passive transport

The movement of substances into and out of the cell without using energy.

Thixotrophy

A property of connective tissue whereby the ground substance will go from solid-like to gel-like under proper stimulation.

Piezoelectricity

Electricity resulting from pressure; a characteristic of connective tissue ribeye and electric current results for mechanical stress.

Active transport

The movement of substances into and out of the body. Requires energy in the form of ATP to create ion pumps.

Skeletal muscle fibers

Voluntary, striated and multi nucleated muscle cells.

Hypertrophy

Increase in size or number of cells.

Elastic fibers

Protein fibers characterized by their ability to stretch and recoil to resume the original shape.

Nucleolus

Located inside the nucleus contains RNA structures that form ribosomes.

Nucleus

Controls the daily activities of the cell and all cellular reproduction. It contains the chromosomes (threads of DNA).

Metabolism

The sum total of all chemical reactions in the body.

Anabolism

Chemical reactions that use energy to build complex compounds like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Catabolism

Chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down complex substances.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a relatively constant state of internal body environment.

Exocytosis

Vesicular transport. Removal of substances from a cell.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water; movement of water from a low solution concentration to a high solution concentration.

Diffusion

A type of passive transport; movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.