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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells vary in size, shape, and _________________. |
Function |
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What are the three regions that all cells have in common? |
1. Nucleus 2.Cytoplasm 3. Plasma Membrane |
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The nucleus is surrounded by the ________________. |
Nuclear Membrane |
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What is the function of nucleoli? |
To join nucleotides and form RNA |
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What is substance inside the nucleus? |
Chromatin |
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What does Chromatin form into when condensed? |
Chromosomes |
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The plasma membrane is made of two layers of ____________. |
Lipid |
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What is the name of the finger-like shape that some cells have? |
Microvilli |
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What are the three membrane junctions and where you might find them? |
1. Tight Junctions, leak proof, found in small intestines 2. Desmosomes, prevents cells from ripping apart, found in the skin 3. Gap Junctions, allows for communication, found in the heart |
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What is the cellular material that is inside the cell? |
Cytoplasm |
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What is the name of all the parts in a cell that have a function? |
Organelles |
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What is the function of the mitochondria? |
Powerhouse of the cell, ATP synthesis |
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Ribosomes create _____________ using amino acids. |
Proteins |
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What are the endoplasmic reticulum networks and what are their function? |
The smooth ER and the Rough ER work in combination to transport items around and out of the cell |
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The main function of the Golgi apparatusis to modify and package ______________. |
Proteins |
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Lysosomes are ___________ which digest worn out cell structures and foreign substances that entered the cell. |
Bags of Enzyms |
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Peroxisomes are ________________. These detoxify poisonous substances and breakdown _____________. |
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes, Alcohol |
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The _____________ is a network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm and which provide an internal framework. |
Cytoskeleton |
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Centrioles create _____________ that pull chromatids apart during mitosis. |
Spindle Fibers |
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The dissolving medium is the _____________. The dissolved substance is the ______________. |
Solvent Solute |
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What is diffusion? |
The passive process of particles evenly distributing themselves in a solution. |
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Passive transport processes requires no ____________. |
Energy |
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Active Transport is a carrier-mediated process that __________________________. |
Moves molecules through the plasma membrane |
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______________ are the building blocks of Proteins. |
Amino Acids |
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Name the 4 basic tissue types. |
1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous |
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The bulk movement of materials out of the cell is called ______________. |
Exocytosis |
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The bulk movement of materials into the cell is called ______________. |
Endocytosis |
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What are the 2 major periods of the cell life cycle? |
Interphase and mitosis |
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The division of the cytoplasm is called ______________. |
Cytokinesis |
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Name the 4 phases in mitosis. |
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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What four things happen in Prophase? |
Centrioles spread apart to opposite sides of the cell creating spindle fibers Chromatin condenses into Chromosomes Nucleolus dismantles Nuclear membrane breaks down |
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What happens in Metaphase? |
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell Spindle fibers connect to centromers in the center of Chomosomes |
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What happens in Anaphase? |
Chromosomes split apart and move with the centrioles |
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What 5 things happen in Telophase? |
Chromosomes finish seperating Nuclear membrane reforms Nucleolus reappears DNA relaxes back into chromatin Cytokenesis |
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What happens during Cytokenesis? |
Divides cytoplasm Cells separate completely and plasma membranes recombine |
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What are the three types of RNA? |
mRNA - Messenger RNA encodes amino acid sequence of a polypeptide tRNA - Transfer RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation rRNA - Ribosomal RNA with ribosomal proteins, makes up the ribosomes, the organelles that translate the mRNA |
