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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ribosomes |
Protein factories located on outside rough ER Consists of protein & RNA |
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ER |
Complex tunnel system to transport Rough, smooth, sarcoplasmic |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Packaging plant Surrounds secretions in membrane to release to cell membrane for secretion outside packages proteins and lipids |
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Lysosomes |
Sacs of digestive enzymes Destroys debris and foreign matter When cell dies, lysosomes are released and cell self destructs Vacuum Cleaner |
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Peroxisomes |
Sacs of oxidize enzymes Disarm free radicals |
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Mitochondria
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Power plants Fuel breakdown ATP synthesis- krebs |
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Cytoskeleton |
Internal framework plays role in intracellular transport and cell div |
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Centrioles |
Mitotic spindle from between these in mitosis Make cilia and flagella |
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Solution |
Homogenous mix of 2+ components |
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Solvent |
Dissolving medium |
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Solute |
Components present in smaller amount |
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Pinocytosis |
Cell eating |
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Osmosis |
diffusion of H2O thru semi-perm membrane from low to high solute concentration until equilibrium |
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Osmotic Pressure |
Isotonic- falls within normal range (helps reestablish equilibrium) Hypertonic- osmolarity more than normal(shrink) Hypotonic- less than normal (swell) |
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Interphase
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Period between active cell division Day to day life of a cell |
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Protein Synthesis |
DNA directs PS utilizes RNA transcription/translation mRNA transcribes genetic code from DNA and carries info to site for PS tRNA translates mRNA into amino acid sequence and gathers aa's from cytosol rRNA assembes amino acid into proteins |
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Prophase |
Nuclear membrane dissolves Chromatin fibers coil to form chromosomes |
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Metaphase |
Chromotides align along equator |
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Anaphase |
Chromatids separate at centromeres and start to move to opposite sides |
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Telephase |
Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin and a nucleus forms Cell divides in two |
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Gene |
DNA segment that cadres info to build one protein |
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4 major tissues types |
Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous |
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Epethelium |
Covers and Lines Protects Has 1 free surface Avascular Protects Secretes, absorbs, excretes Senses |
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Types of Epithelial tissue
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Simple- absorption and filtration Stratified- multi-layered resistant to damage Glandular- contra cable cells specialized to produce and secrete various substances |
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Connective |
Joins other parts of the body Support and protect framework Fills spaces Stores fat |
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Types of Connective Tissue |
Bone- Hard, calcium Cartilage- firm solid gel- like matter. Hyaline, elastic, dense Loose- membranous, binds skin to orans, fills spaces between muscles, adipose tissue Blood- fills spaces |
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Muscle Tissue |
Skeletal- voluntary Cardiac- involuntary Smooth- involuntary |
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Nervous Tissue |
Neurons- transmit nerve impulses Neruroglial cells- nourish and support |
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Regeneration |
Replacement of destroyed tissue by same kind of cells |
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Fibrosis |
Repair by dense connective tissue (scar tissue) |
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Tissue Repair |
Inflammatory Phase Proliferative Phase Remodeling Phase |
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Inflammatory phase |
injury to 2-4 days -Begins with hemostasis/platelet plug -Platelets release platelet derived growth factor and transfer growth beta from granules to attract neutrofils and macrophages -Neutrofils scavenge for bacteria and foreign debris and emit growth factors to attack fibroblasts |
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Proliforative Phase |
Begins approx day 3, overlaps inflammatory phase Fibroblast angiogenesis and collagen formation Epithilialization from basement membrane |
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Remodeling Phase |
6 mo to a year Increased collagen and breakdown Initial type III collagen replaced by type 1 until type I : type II ration is 4:1 |
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Scar tissue |
More dense collagen Lacks blood vessels, hair, sweat glands, sensory receptors |
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Granulation tissue |
wound healing by secondary intention (when wounded surfaces do not come together completely) |
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Types of closures |
Primary- surgical Secondary- Granulation tissue |
