Cells And Tissues

Front 1

Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions

Back 1

nucleus
cytoplasm
and plasma membrane

Front 2

Identify the organelles on a cell model or describe them, and discuss the major function of each.

Back 2

*Mitochondria are the ‘powerplants’ of a cell, they carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food and they provide ATP for cellular energy

*Ribosomes are the actual sites of protein synthesis, they are made of protein and RNA (riboxynucleic acid) and are usually found in two locations floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis, it means that that is where protein needed by the cell is made) (**CORRECT TO SAY: that they make protein required by the cell.)

*Endoplasmic Reticulum is the ‘network within the cytoplasm’ – There are two types - Rough and Smooth

*Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough ER) studded with ribosomes – all cell membrane building materials (most commonly proteins) are formed in or on it

*Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth ER) helps cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, aids fat metabolism and detoxifies drugs (in the liver)

*Golgi Apparatus...it modifies and packages proteins for transport withn the cel

Front 3

Define selective permeability, diffusion (including simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis), active transport, passive transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.

Back 3

A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively-permeable membrane, a partially-permeable membrane or a differentially-permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion.

There are two ways substances can move into or out of a cell - via passive transport, meaning that such movement requires no enegery, and active transport, which requires energy provided by ATP

**In Passive Transport - there are two types - diffusion and filtration (well there are actually five different types, so lets look at each one).

*The first one is simple diffusion. This is where substances move 'down' the concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (think of when you first put a tea bag into a cup of hot water - it is very dark around the tea bag and then when you 'jiggle' it the colour spreads throughout the cup).
*Facilitated diffusion has two types - carrier m

Front 4

Name the four major tissue types

Back 4

nervous, muscle, epithelial and connective tissues.

Front 5

Describe the subcategories of the four major tissue types and describe their function:

Back 5

You NEED to know these 4 primary tissue types, their subcategories and some other important stuff - let me go over it quickly, as I know we are almost out of time
**Epithelial tissue (or epithelium, as it can also be called) forms body coverings, body linings and glandular tissue most commonly involved in protection (the skin) absorption (the small intestine) filtration (the kidneys) and secretion (saliva, mucus, etc). They are innervated (which means has a nerve supply) but avascular (which means very little or no blood vessels) The main thing I want you to remember about epithelia is that there are various shapes and sizes and they each do slightly different things, but you do not need to know each and every type and shape.

You should know the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands (endo has no ducts, secretes directly into blood and exo has ducts and their secretions empty into the duct and then to an epithelial surface - think oil or sweat gland)
Mary Louise Dieckmann: It can be a bit conf

Front 6

Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing).

Back 6

Regeneration (Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells)

Fibrosis (Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

Determination of method – type of tissue and severity of the injury

Front 7

Name the four membrane types
and give their location in the body.

Back 7

Cutaneous - Skin,

Mucous - Nasal cavity, mouth, esophagus, lung bronchi.

Serous - line ventral body cavities, and

synovial - joints

Front 8

Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane, including the role of the phospholipid bi-layer

Back 8

The plasma membrane, otherwise known as the cell membrane is a barrier that separates the cell contents from it’s surrounding environment.

The cytoplasm contains three major elements:
Cytosol- a fluid medium that suspends the other elements
Organelles which perform the metabolic functions in the cell
Inclusions which are chemical substances specialised to the cell function. Eg melanin in skin cells.

The hydrophobic nature of the plasma membrane interior means that it is impermeable to most water soluble molecules.