Cells And Organelles

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Cells

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Life basic units of structure and function.

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Eukaryotic Cell

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A cell that contains a membrane-bound structure called a nucleus and cytoplasm, filled with tiny structures called organelles

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Prokaryotic Cell

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A cell that lacks both a nucleus and membrane-bound structures and much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

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Nucleus

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The largest organelle and the control center or brain of the cell

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Cytoplasm

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The fluid within a cell that holds the organelles and surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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Organelles

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smaller structures such as the mitochondria found in the cytoplasm.

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Plasma Membrane

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The outer envelope of the cell that is a double layered structure made up of phospholipids and proteins. The hydrophobic fatty acid tails face inward and the hydrophilic phosphate heads face outward.

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Peripheral Proteins

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Proteins associated with the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and located on the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

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Adhesion Proteins

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They form junctions between adjacent cells for the cells to attach to each other.

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Receptor Proteins

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They serve as the loading and unloading sites for proteins of the extracellular matrix or hormones.

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Channel Proteins

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Form channels that selectively allow the passage of certain ions or molecules.

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Recognition and Adhision Proteins

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Proteins such as glycoproteins which are exposed on the extracellular surface and a play a role in cell to cell recognition and adhesion.

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Cholesterol

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Molecules found in the phospholipid bilayer and help stabilize membrane fluidity in animal cells.

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Phospholipid Bilayer

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A double layered structure made up of phospholipids and proteins. The hydrophobic fatty acid tails face inward and the hydrophilic phosphate heads face outward.

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Fluid-Mosaic Model

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The arrangement of proteins and phospholipids in the phospholipid bilayer.

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Chromosome

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A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information.

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Nucleolus

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The most visible structure within the nucleus and the site where rRNA is made and ribosomes are assembled.

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Ribosomes

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The site of protein synthesis. They manufacture the proteins required by the cell and are also composed of RNA. They can be found either floatin in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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A continuous channel that extends into many regions of the cytoplasm. The region of the ER with chromosomes is the rough ER and makes proteins that are to be exported out of the cell. The region with no ribosomes is called the smooth ER. It makes lipids, hormones, and steroids and breakdown toxic chemicals.

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Golgi Bodies

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They're the packaging and distribution centers for materials like the proteisn made by the rough ER destined to be sent out of the cell.

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Vesicles

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Little sacs in which final products are packaged by Golgi Bodies.

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Mitochondria

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They're the powerhouses of the cell. they're power stations responsible for converting the energy from organic molecules into useful energy for the cell.

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Lysosomes

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Tiny sacs that carry digestive enzymes, which breakdown old, worn-out organelles, debris, or large ingested particles. They help riad the cytoplasm of unwanted flotsam.

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Centrioles

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They are small, paired, cylindrical structures that are most active during cellular division. When a cell is ready to divide, the centrioles produce microtubules, which pull the replicated chromosomes apart and move then to opposite ens of the cell. They're only found in animals.

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Vacuoles

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They're fluid-filled sacs that store water. food, wastes, salts, or pigments.

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Cytoskeleton

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The structure that holds the cell together and enables it to keep its shape.

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Cell Wall

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The outer covering of cells composed of cellulose. The cell wall is only found in plant cells.

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Cell Sap

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A structure found only in the cells of matured plants.

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Chloroplasts

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Organelles only found in plant cells and contain chlorophyll which captures sunlight during the process of photosynthesis

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Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)

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The energy molecule made by the mictochondria in the cell.