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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is considered the father of microscopy and what was his contribution? |
Antony van Leeuwenhoek. He developed the simple microscope involving one lens (500x magnification) |
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How do you calculate total magnification? |
multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective |
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How much power does the ocular lens magnify the image? |
usually 10x |
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What is the cell theory? |
all living things are made out of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
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How big are typical cells? |
5-50 microunits |
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What is the nucleus? |
A large membrane enclosed barrier structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA (chromosomes) |
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What is the job of the nucleus? |
the nucleus controls many of the cells activities |
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How many chromosomes are in the nucleus? |
46 |
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Where is the nucleolus located? |
in the nucleus |
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How many nuclei may the cell have? |
1 to 3 |
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What does the nucleolus do? |
Makes ribosomes that make proteins |
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Which type of cells only have a cell membrane? |
Eukaryotes |
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What is the cell membrane made out of? |
Protein and phospholipids |
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what does the cell membrane do? |
controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell |
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What is cytoplasm? |
a jelly like substance enclosed by the cell membrane |
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what does the cytoplasm do? |
it provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place. It also contains organelles to carry out specific jobs. The actual fluid in the cell is called cytosol. |
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True or false. Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
TRUE |
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What do ribosomes do? |
Make proteins are the site to protein synthesis |
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Where are ribosomes located? |
Either free or attached to rough ER |
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What do free ribosomes do? |
Make the proteins that will be used by that cell |
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What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum do? |
they lack ribosomes and make lipids (phospholipids and steroids) |
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what does rough endoplasmic reticulum do? |
has ribosomes on its surface and makes proteins that are often secreted out of the cell |
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What are Golgi bodies? |
stacks of flattened sacs. Have a shipping side and a receiving side |
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What do Golgi bodies do? |
they receive and modify proteins made by ER and other organic compounds. they also transport vacuole with modified proteins |
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What are mitochondria? |
rod shape site of cellular respiration. |
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what do mitochondria do? |
they use organic compounds to produce energy. they have DNA inside of them |
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Active people are more likely to have more of what? |
Mitochondria |
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What does lysosome do? |
contains digestive enzymes. It breaks down food and worn out cell parts for cells. They grab and release enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts |
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In what cells are cilia and flagella found |
both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells |
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what are cilia and flagella used for? |
movement |
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What do prokaryotes lack? |
a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
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A eukaryotic cell contains what 3 basic structures? |
nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm |
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What are microtubules |
hollow tubes made of protein that help provide shape and support for a cell. also serve as tracks that allow organelles to move. |
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What does a microtubule do that is so important? |
separating chromosomes during cell division |
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What are microfilaments? |
two strands of intertwined proteins. |
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What do microfilaments do? |
they contribute to cell movement |
