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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a cell? |
A small compartment that hols of the biological equipment necessary to keep and organism alive. |
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What is a group of cells called? |
Tissue, e.g. muscle, nerve etc |
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What is cytoplasm made of? |
Cytosol and other organelles |
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What molecules make up the cell membrane? |
Phospho lipids |
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What is a nucleus? and what is its function? |
-The control center of the cell -It contains DNA which carries the genetic information in the cell |
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What is the function of Ribosomes? |
Ribosomes build proteins |
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and its function? |
-modifies protein after made by \Ribosomes |
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What is the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and its function? |
-manufactures fatty substances -has no ribosomes |
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What does the Golgi complex do? |
Packages substances for movement around the cell |
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What is the mitochondria? |
Glucose converted to ATP (adensine Triphosphate) |
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What are Lymosomes? |
-Materials processing, recycling, waste disposal -Bags of unwanted materials that digest unwanted waste |
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What is the function of cytopskeleton? |
helps give structure to the cells and aids in movement and transport. |
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What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? |
-Mitosis occurs everywhere in the body except in the sex organs. -meiosis occurs in the sex organs -mitosis has 1 stage in the cycle -meiosis has 2 stages in the cycle |
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Where are chromosomes found? |
They are found in the nucleus of the cell |
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How many chromosomes are found in the sperm and ova cells? |
There are 23 chromosomes in the sperm and ova cells. |
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What is a gene? and where are they found? |
-Genes are long snippets of DNA -The position of a gene on a chromosome is in the LOCUS |
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How are strands of DNA held together? |
-Two strands are held together by HYDROGEN BONDS between pairs of bases forming a DOUBLE HELIX |
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How does DNA replicate inside a cell? |
-DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. -The double helix unwinds to leave a template for the next strand. |
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What base goes with: A?, T?, C? G? |
A <---> T C <---> G |
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What forms a triplet code? |
The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function. The DNA code is a triplet code. Each triplet, a group of three bases, codes for a specific amino acid |
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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? |
-Homozygous means that the two alleles are the same (e.g. rr) -Heterozygous means that the two alleles are different (e.g. Gr) |
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Define Genotype |
A genotype is Whatan organisms genetic code says regardless of its appearance (the actual DNA sequence) |
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Define Phenotype |
-Howan organism looks (a physical trait) -Set of observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genotype and the environment. |
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What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype? |
A genotype is the actual genetic coding, where as the phenotype is its appearance/characteristics. |
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How can a mutation occur in the cell? |
This can be caused by environmental interaction creating a disruption of cell devision. |
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What is an allele? |
An alternative form a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. |
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What is a dominant gene? What is a recessive gene? What is the different? |
-Dominant genes always show as they are stronger and are always represented by a capital letter -Recessive genes only show when both are present as they are weaker and are always represented by a lower case letter. |
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Define incomplete dominance |
Incomplete dominance refers to a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype. |
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Define Co Dominance |
Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked. |