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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is a cell?

A small compartment that hols of the biological equipment necessary to keep and organism alive.

What is a group of cells called?

Tissue, e.g. muscle, nerve etc

What is cytoplasm made of?

Cytosol and other organelles

What molecules make up the cell membrane?

Phospho lipids

What is a nucleus? and what is its function?

-The control center of the cell


-It contains DNA which carries the genetic information in the cell

What is the function of Ribosomes?

Ribosomes build proteins

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and its function?

-modifies protein after made by \Ribosomes

What is the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and its function?

-manufactures fatty substances


-has no ribosomes

What does the Golgi complex do?

Packages substances for movement around the cell

What is the mitochondria?

Glucose converted to ATP (adensine Triphosphate)

What are Lymosomes?

-Materials processing, recycling, waste disposal


-Bags of unwanted materials that digest unwanted waste

What is the function of cytopskeleton?

helps give structure to the cells and aids in movement and transport.

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

-Mitosis occurs everywhere in the body except in the sex organs.


-meiosis occurs in the sex organs




-mitosis has 1 stage in the cycle


-meiosis has 2 stages in the cycle

Where are chromosomes found?

They are found in the nucleus of the cell

How many chromosomes are found in the sperm and ova cells?

There are 23 chromosomes in the sperm and ova cells.

What is a gene? and where are they found?

-Genes are long snippets of DNA


-The position of a gene on a chromosome is in the LOCUS

How are strands of DNA held together?

-Two strands are held together by HYDROGEN BONDS between pairs of bases forming a DOUBLE HELIX

How does DNA replicate inside a cell?

-DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule.


-The double helix unwinds to leave a template for the next strand.

What base goes with: A?, T?, C? G?

A <---> T


C <---> G

What forms a triplet code?

The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function. The DNA code is a triplet code. Each triplet, a group of three bases, codes for a specific amino acid

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

-Homozygous means that the two alleles are the same (e.g. rr)


-Heterozygous means that the two alleles are different (e.g. Gr)

Define Genotype

A genotype is Whatan organisms genetic code says regardless of its appearance (the actual DNA sequence)

Define Phenotype

-Howan organism looks (a physical trait)


-Set of observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genotype and the environment.

What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?

A genotype is the actual genetic coding, where as the phenotype is its appearance/characteristics.

How can a mutation occur in the cell?

This can be caused by environmental interaction creating a disruption of cell devision.

What is an allele?

An alternative form a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.

What is a dominant gene?


What is a recessive gene?


What is the different?

-Dominant genes always show as they are stronger and are always represented by a capital letter


-Recessive genes only show when both are present as they are weaker and are always represented by a lower case letter.

Define incomplete dominance

Incomplete dominance refers to a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype.

Define Co Dominance

Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.