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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitochondria |
convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use, Called the "powerhouse" produce and store energy |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Transports materials such as proteins throughout the cell. Also known as the "transportation system" of the cell looks like a tube or train track |
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Ribosomes |
Protein making site of the cell. Looks like tiny round dots. Most are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Chloroplasts |
capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food, found only in plants, process of photosynthesis |
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Vacuoles |
store food, water, enzymes and waste, known as the "storage tanks" |
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Lysosomes |
contain enzyme which break down large food molecules, digestive system of the cell, called the "cleanup" |
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Cell Membrane |
allows for and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell, selectively permeable membrane; allows some things to pass through, while others cannot, also known as the "gatekeeper" or "barrier" |
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Nucleus |
controls and directs all of the activities of the cell, also known as the "brain of the cell" and the "control center" |
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Nuclear Envelope |
controls the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus, almost like a protective barrier |
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Chromatin |
carry instructions or "plan" in a chemical form called DNA to instruct all cell activities. Inside the nucleus, pass inherited traits, also known as the "Blueprints" |
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Cytoplasm |
cushions and protects many organelles or cell parts, jelly-like watery region located between membrane and nucleus |
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What are the 2 categories of organisms (living things)? |
1. unicellular organisms - a living thing made of only one cell 2. multi-celled organism - a living thing made of many cells |
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What are the 5 structural levels of organization in multicellular organisms? |
1. cell - the smallest unit - an organism that carries out all functions of living things 2. tissues - a group of specialized cells working together to do a specific function 3. organ - heart, lungs, stomach, etc are made of different tissues 4. organ system - digestive system, respiratory system, skeletal system, etc. are made of organs 5. organism - a living thing that people, birds, fish, etc. has many organ systems |
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Cell |
the smallest unit - an organism that carries out all functions of living things |
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tissues |
a group of specialized cells working together to do a specific function |
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organ |
heart, lungs, stomach, etc are made of different tissues |
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organ system |
a group of organs work together to control an organism. digestive system, respiratory system, skeletal system, etc. are made of organs |
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organism |
a living thing that people, birds, fish, etc. has many organ systems |
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Discovery of Cells |
1. In the 60's the light microscope was invented 2. it allowed people to see very small organisms for the first time 3. In 1665 an English man named Robert Hooke observed "tiny enclosed spaces" (cells) in a piece of cork |
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Cell Theory |
1. In the 1800's 2 German scientist named Schleiden and Schwann looked at thousands of organisms in a microscope 2. They came up with a cell theory: - All living things are made of cells - Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things - All cells are produced from the other cells |
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Organic Compounds |
An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon.
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Organelles |
Organelles are found only in eukaryotic cells and are absent from the cells of prokaryotes such as bacteria. The nucleus, the mitochondrion, the chloroplast, the Golgi apparatus, the lysosome, and the endoplasmic reticulum are all examples of organelles. |
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Photosynthesis |
Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. This process occurs in plants and some algae (Kingdom Protista). Plants need only light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar. |
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Nucleic Acids |
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential for all known forms of life. Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded. An RNA strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases--adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. |
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endocrine system |
controls body process by means of chemicals |
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circulatory system |
transports materials to and from body cells |
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excretory system |
removes waste |
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respiratory system |
takes oxygen into the body |
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digestive system |
takes food into the body and breaks it down |
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skeletal system |
supports and protects the body |
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muscular system |
works to move the body by pulling on the skeleton |
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integumentary system |
protects the body by pulling on the skeleton |
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immune system |
protects the body from disease-causing bacteria and viruses |
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homeostasis |
the process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment |
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How does your body maintain a constant temperature on a hot day? |
your system cools you down |
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Stress |
a body's method of reacting to a challenge. According to the stressful event, the body's way to respond to stress is by sympathetic nervous system activation which results in the fight-or-flight response. |
