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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Theory
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-every living organism is made of cells
-cells arise from division of preexisting cells -all cells have same basic chemical composition:carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids |
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apical surface
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upper surface of epithelial cell-usually exposed to the lumen of an organ
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basal surface
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bottom of the epithelial cell that rests on the basement membrane
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lateral cell surface
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the sides of the epthelial cell
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polygonal
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having irregularly angular shapes with four, five, or sides
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stellate
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having multiple pointed processes projecting from the body of the cell, giving it a somewhat starlike shape
EX: cell bodies of nerve cells |
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spheroid
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round to oval
EX: egg cells and white blood cells |
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discoid
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disc-shaped
EX: red blood cells |
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fusiform
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spindle-shaped, elongated, with a thick middle and tapered ends
EX: smooth muscle cells |
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fibrous
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long, slender, and threadlike
EX: skeletal muscle cells and the axons of nerve cells |
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cell (plasma) membrane
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-surface boundary of cell
-selectively permiable membrane -phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins Functions:physical isolation, sensitivity and recognition, structural support, control of transport in and out of cell |
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cytoplasm
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material inside the cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane
Consists of: cytosol, inclusions, cytoskeleton, organelles |
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nucleus
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largest organelle, surrounded by nuclear envelope
Contains: neoplasm, nucleoli, chromatin -stores genetic info to control synthesis of proteins -control center of cellular operations |
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phospholipids
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polar head with phosphate group charged and hydrophilic
nonpolar tail(two fatty acids), uncharged and hydrophobic |
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cholesterol in cell mambrane
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embedded in membrane, stabilizes lipid bilayer
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Integral Proteins
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firmly inserted into lipid bilayer, most are transmembrane
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Peripheral Proteins
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loosely attached to inner or outer layer via membrane lipids and/or proteins
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Membrane Carbohydrates
(glycolipids) |
branched sugar molecules attached to phospholipids or proteins in the lipid bilayer
-aid in cell recognition and communication -form glycocalyx "sugar coating" |
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microvilli
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fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane
-increase surface area of plasma membrane -bruch border at apical surface |
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cilia
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long, hairlike extensions
-motile cilia widespread in respiratory tract -non motile in sensory organs |
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flagella
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long, solitary, motile cilia; only flagella in humans is whiplike tail of male gamete
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