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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell Wall
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The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants
and some other organisms. IMPORTANT: in contrast the cells of animals do not have a cell wall ! The cell wall helps to protect and support the cell. Made of cellulose, tough material, many materials like water and oxygen can pass through easily. |
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Cell Membrane
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ALL cells have cell membranes !
Cells with cell walls: the membrane is located just inside the cell wall. Without cell wall: outside boundary the seperates the cell from its environment. IMPORTANT: the cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell ! Everything the cell needs gets in - harmful waste products leave the cell -> prevents harmful materials from entering the cell |
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Nucleous
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"brain" of the cell - cells control center: directing all of the cell´s activities !
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Nuclear Envelope
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membrane that surrounds the nucleous, protects the nucleous.
-> materials pass through pores in the nuclear envelope |
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Chromatin
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thin strands floating directly ahead in the nucleous.
-> contain genetic material -> instructions for directing the cell´s functions |
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Nucleolus
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In the nucleolus ribosomes are made.
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Cytoplasm
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the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
- thick, gel-liked fluid - constantly moving |
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
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- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum - Ribosomes - Golgi bodies - Chloroplasts - Vacuoles - Lysosomes |
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Ribosomes
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"protein factories": organelles where proteins are produced (proteins are important chemicals in cells)
- some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, some are floating in the cytoplasm |
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Mitochondria
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rod-shaped structures
"powerhouses" of the cell, convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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maze of passageways
carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another |
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Golgi Bodies
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looks like flattened sacs and tubes
the cell´s "mail room" -> receives proteins proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell (or out of the cell) |
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Chloroplasts
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IMPORTANT: ONLY the cells of plants and some other organisms have these green organelles !
-> capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell (make leaves green) |
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Vacuoles
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-large water filled sac, floating in the cytoplasm
STORAGE AREAS OF CELLS -> store food and other materials needed by the cell -> can also store waste products - most plant cells have one large vacuole - some animal cells don´t have vacuoles, some do |
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Lysosomes
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"Cleanup Crew"
small round structures - containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell |
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Nerve Cells
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Spezialised to transmit information from one part of your body to another
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Red Blood Cells
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carry oxygen throughout the body
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Tissue
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group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
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Organ
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is made of different kinds of tissues that function together !
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Organ System
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a group of organs that work together to perform a major function
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Bacterial Cells
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- has a cell wall and a cell membrane
- does not contain a nucleus - the genetic material (thick tangled string)is found in the cytoplasm - contain ribosomes, but NONE of other organelles |