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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is mitosis?
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The process by which a eukaryotic cell replicates its DNA & divides into 2 identical cells.
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What is prophase?
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First phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles move to opp poles &chromosomes condense.
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What is metaphase?
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The state of mitosis when the centromeres of each chromosome have reached the centre of the cell.
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What is anaphase?
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When sister chromosomes are being pulled to opp poles by the spindle fibres.
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What is telophase?
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The events of prophase are reversed. Two nuclei form. Cell division takes place, producing 2 daughter cells.
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What is a centromere?
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The region of the chromosome that the spindle fibres attach to.
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What is a chromosome?
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Structures made of DNA & histone proteins which contain many genes that carry hereditary info.
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What are chromatin?
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The term for chromosomes when they are relatively unwound & less visible during interphase.
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What is the centrosome?
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The region where the centrioles are located.
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What are centrioles?
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The cellular structures which spindle fibres attach to at opp poles of the cell.
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What is interphase?
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The portion of the cell cycle when the cell is not going through mitosis.
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What does hydrophobic mean?
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Does not mix with water (non-polar).
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What does hydrophillic mean?
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Mixes with water (polar).
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What is the fluid mosaic model?
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A model that describes the cell membrane as a continually moving & dynamic mixture of proteins & phospholipids.
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What is passive transport?
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The transport of molecules through protein channels, requiring no energy input.
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What is active transport?
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The transport of molecules through protein channels, requiring an energy input.
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What is diffusion?
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The natural movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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What is osmosis?
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The movt of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration, to an area of high.
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What is a carrier protein?
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A protein that aids the transport of a molecule from one side of the cell membrane to the other.(Facilitated diffusion).
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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The movt of molecules down a concentration gradient aided by a carrier protein.
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