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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the main classes of cell wall synthesis inhibitors.
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1. Penicillin G
2. Penicillin V 3. Isoxazolyl Penicillins 4. Aminopenicillins 5. Antipseudomonal Penicillins 6. Cephalosporins 7. Monobactams 8. Carbapenems 9. Vancomycin |
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What is the mechanism of action of most cell wall synthesis inhibiting antibiotics ?
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They inhibit the transpeptidase enzyme.
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Are all cell wall synthesis inhibitors bactericidal or bacteriostatic ?
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Bactericidal.
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What is the spectrum of Penicillin G ?
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Narrow.
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What is the spectrum of Penicillin V ?
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Narrow.
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What is the spectrum of Aminopenicillins ?
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Broad.
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What is the spectrum of Cephalosporins ?
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Broad.
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What is the spectrum of Carbapenems ?
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Broad.
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What is the mechanism of action of Antipseudomonal Penicillins ?
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These antibiotics bind to penicillin binding proteins and inhibits autolysin inhbitors.
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What is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin ?
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This antibiotic binds to the D-alanyl-D-alanine peptide terminal and prevents the cross linking of peptidoglycan latticework.
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Penicilling G ?
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Gram + and - cocci:
• Streptococci pyogenes • Pneumococci • Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram + bacilli: • Clostridium • Bacteroides fragilis • Treponema • Actinomyces |
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How is Penicillin G administered ?
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1. IM
2. IV |
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What are the adverse effects of Penicillin G, Penicillin V and Isoxazolyl Penicillins ?
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• Hypersensitivity
• [high] = Neurotoxicity |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Penicilling V ?
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• Less severe infections
• Follow-up antibiotic |
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How is Penicillin V administered ?
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Orally (but is impaired by food intake).
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Name the most important Isoxazolyl Penicillins.
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• Cloxacillin
• Flucloxacillin |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Isoxazolyl Penicillins ?
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• Sensitive to B-lactamase-resistant S. aureus
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How are the Isoxazolyl Penicillins administered ?
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1. Oral (but is impaired by food intake)
2. IM 3. IV |
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Name the most important Aminopenicillins.
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1. Ampicillin
2. Amoxicillin |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Aminopenicillins ?
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• Gram +
• Gram – cocci and bacilli Note: Combined with Clavulanic acid to inhibit B-lactamse. |
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How is Ampicillin administered ?
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Oral (but impaired by food intake).
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What are the adverse effects of using Ampicillin ?
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• Hypersensitivity
• [high] = Neurotoxicity • Diarrhoea |
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How is Amoxicillin administered ?
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1. Oral
2. IV |
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What are the adverse effects of using Amoxicillin ?
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• GI disturbances
• Hepatits + cholestatic jaundice = Clavulanic acid • Excreted in breast milk |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Antipseudomonal Penicillins ?
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• Pseudomonas infections
Note: Combined with aminoglycosides or tazobactam (B-lactamase inhibitor). |
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Name the most important Antipseudomonal Penicillin.
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Piperacillin.
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What are the adverse effects of using Cephalosporins ?
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• Hypersensitivity
• Intolerance to alcohol • Bleeding disorders • Efficacy of contraceptives reduced Note: Cross-hypersensitivity for Penicillin. |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Monobactams ?
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• Gram – (P. aeruginosa)
Note: NOT effective against Gram + and anaerobes. |
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Name the most important Monobactam,
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Aztreonam.
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Name the most important Carbapenems.
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1. Imipenem
2. Meropenem 3. Ertapenem |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Carbapenems ?
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• Septicaemia
• Endocarditis • Lower RT • Genito-urinary infections Note: Combined with cilastatin (dipeptidase inhibitor) to increase urinary concentration. |
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What are the adverse effects of using Carbapenems ?
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• Hypersensitivity
• GI effects |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Vancomycin ?
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Life threatening infections:
• Gram + • Bowel inflammation |
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How is Vancomycin administered ?
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IV
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Can Carbapenems be administered orally ?
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No.
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What are the adverse effects of using Vancomycin ?
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• Fever
• Rashes • Ototoxicity • Geriatrics at risk for renal toxicity Rapid administration= Red-man syndrome |
