Cell Vocabulary

Front 1

golgi apparatus

Back 1

transport vesicles bring products of ER to golgi body where products are modified & stored, then sent to other destinations. Structure is flattened membranous sacs (cisternae). cis face receives near ER. trans face ships and vesicles exit. golgi makes its own macromolecules and exit trans face to fuse with plasma membrane

Hint 1

One of the components of the GERL complex.

Front 2

vesicle

Back 2

sacs of membrane that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell; an intracellular membranous sac that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer.

Hint 2

synaptic vesicle, auditory vesicle

Front 3

microfilaments

Back 3

The smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments. They are composed chiefly of actin and/or myosin.

Hint 3

make up actin and myosin in muscle cell

Front 4

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

network of membranous tubes and sacs, that is studded with ribosomes on its surface giving it a rough appearance under the microscope (hence its name). secreted protein (from bounded ribosomes on ER) grow polypeptide chains (aka protein) and enters ER lumen. makes its own membranes

Hint 4

rough er plays a transport role for proteins so you could call it the hall ways

smooth er makes lipids which are important for maintaining membranes so you could make the analagy for maintanence staff

Front 5

mitochondria (mitochondrion)

Back 5

convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell. Located in the cytoplasm, they are the sites of cellular respiration which ultimately generates fuel for the cell's activities.

Hint 5

Mitochondria are also involved in other cell processes such as cell division and growth, as well as cell death.

Front 6

chloroplast (in plants only)

Back 6

A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

Hint 6

Found in plants, essential to survival

Front 7

microtubules

Back 7

prominant aspects of the skeleton of all eukaryotic cells

Hint 7

mediate cell division

Front 8

cytoskeleton

Back 8

microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.

Hint 8

role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement.

Front 9

plasma membrane (cell membrane)

Back 9

membrane of lipids and proteins that enclose cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole. Organelles found inside membrane. Selective barrier that allows oxygen, nutrient, waste to pass through. Need big-big-surface-area : small-volume ratio to sufficiently let things pass through

Hint 9

In animals the plasma membrane is the outermost covering of the cell whereas in plants, fungi

Front 10

central vacuole (in plants only)

Back 10

A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells

Hint 10

Present in plant cells

Front 11

ribosomes (attached)

Back 11

attached to outside of ER/nuclear envelope. make protein destined for insertion into membranes/lysosomes or export from the cell

Hint 11

(a process called translation)

Front 12

ribosomes (free)

Back 12

suspended in cytoplasm. proteins made on free ribosomes function inside cytoplasm.

Hint 12

often referred to as the "central dogma," is that DNA is used to make RNA, which, in turn, is used to make protein

Front 13

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 13

The network of Smooth ER allows increased surface area for the action or storage of key enzymes and the products of these enzymes. Lacks ribosomes. Functions: synthesize lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxify drugs/poison (by adding hydroxyl), stores calcium

Hint 13

Has several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration, drug detoxification

Front 14

DNA/chromatin

Back 14

deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix. organized into units called chromosomes. each chromosome is made of chromatin (complex of protein & DNA)

Hint 14

associated with the transmission of genetic information; "DNA is the king of molecules"

Front 15

nucleolus

Back 15

a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; contains ribosomal RNA (synthesized from DNA instructions) that synthesize protein which exits nucleus into cytoplasm

Hint 15

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are transcribed and assembled within the nucleolus

Front 16

nuclear envelope

Back 16

encloses nucleus. double membrane. each membrane has lipid bilayer (only in eukaryotic cells)

Hint 16

also known as the perinuclear envelope, nuclear membrane, nucleolemma or karyotheca

Front 17

cell wall (plants only)

Back 17

A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria

Hint 17

n the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose

Front 18

nucleus

Back 18

A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material

Hint 18

part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Front 19

lysosome (animals only)

Back 19

membrane sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules. very acidic. made by rough ER which is transported to golgi and then lysosomes exit trans face.

Hint 19

cell organelle that serves as recycling and disposal center for the cell

Front 20

centrioles (always in pairs)

Back 20

A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division

Hint 20

barrel-shaped cell structure found in most animal eukaryotic cells

Front 21

oligosaccharide group

Back 21

a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten[1]) of component sugars, also known as simple sugars (monosaccharides)

Hint 21

commonly found on the plasma membrane of animal cells where they can play a role in cell–cell recognition

Front 22

glycoprotein

Back 22

secretory protein from bound ribosomes. Proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them. secreted protein (from bounded ribosomes on ER) grow polypeptide chains (aka protein) and enters ER lumen. composed of carbohydrates and polypeptide side chains

Hint 22

Glycoproteins are often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell–cell interactions

Front 23

phospholipid

Back 23

a class of lipids and are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers

Hint 23

Most phospholipids contain a diglyceride, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline

Front 24

nuclear pore

Back 24

large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus. nuclear side of pores is called nuclear lamina (protein filaments that maintains shape of nucleus)

Hint 24

Nuclear pore complexes allow the transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope

Front 25

peroxisome

Back 25

organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells

Hint 25

involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens

Front 26

nucleoid

Back 26

region where DNA resides. Nucleoids are only found in prokaryotic cells. no membrane separate it from rest of the cell

Front 27

cytoplasm

Back 27

region between nucleus and plasma membrane

Front 28

Prokaryotic cell

Back 28

- bacteria & archaea domains
- nucleoid
- no internal membranes
- cell wall

Front 29

eukaryotic cell

Back 29

- protist, fungi, animal, plants
- nucleus
internal membranes
- no cell wall

Front 30

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 30

Located outside nuclear envelope. ER membrane separated ER from cytosol.

Front 31

transport vesicle

Back 31

membrane bubbles that transport secretory proteins/glycoproteins out of ER