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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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study of living things |
Biology |
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organized system for thesystematic study of particular aspects of the natural world |
science |
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a study of characteristics that relate all living things to one another study of properties that, taken together, distinguish the living from non-living thing |
Biology |
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why study biology |
-to lay the foundation for asking basic questions about life and natural world -to learn how organisms are constructed -to provide an elementary understanding of the relevant data with which valuable judgments are made |
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(living organisms) (study) |
bio logus |
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study of |
Logus |
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origin |
genetikos |
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herbs |
botanikos |
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habitat |
oikos |
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cell |
cyto |
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ancient |
palaios |
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shape |
morphos |
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nature |
physis |
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suffering |
pathos |
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reptile |
herpeto |
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insect |
entomon |
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seaweed/algae |
phyco |
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chemistry of life |
biochemistry |
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heredity and variation |
genetics |
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shape and orientation of molecules |
molecular biology |
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embryo and development of organisms |
Development biology |
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detailed structure and functions of cell |
cytology |
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group of cells performing definite specialized functions |
histology |
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detailed structure of organisms |
anatomy |
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forms and structure of organisms |
morphology |
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functional processes associated with living things |
physiology |
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systematic classification |
taxonomy |
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birds |
ornithology |
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snakes |
herpetology |
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study of microscopic organisms |
microbiology |
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bacteria |
bacteriology |
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study of fungi |
mycology |
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study of virus |
virology |
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parasites |
parasitology |
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ferns |
pteridology |
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animals |
zoology |
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living things in relation to their environment |
ecology |
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origin and diversity of organismic forms or gradual change in the characteristics of species over the course of successive generalizations |
evolution |
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study of fossils, preserved remains of animals |
paleontology |
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distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time |
biogeography |
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refers to the working habits of practicing scientists • involves rigorous application of common sense to the study and analysis of data |
Scientific Method |
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refers to the model for research developed by Francis Bacon (1561–1626). |
Scientific Method |
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Basic Structure of Science |
Scientific Method |
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Scientific Method steps |
Identifying the problem Collecting data within the problem area checking the data for correlations, meaningful connections, and regularities formulating a hypothesis Testing the hypothesis rigorously by gathering new data Confirming, modifying, or rejecting the hypothesis in light of the new findings |
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(a generalization), which is an educated guess that explains the existing data and suggests further avenues of investigation |
hypothesis |
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classic description of the scientific method as a linear or circular process practice of science involves many possible pathways |
The Scientific Process |
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robust and dynamic practice that employs multiple methods toward investigating phenomena: |
Scientific Process |
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Scientific Process multiple methods (MEDC) |
Experimentation Description Comparison Modelling |
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investigate the relationshipbetween two or more variables |
Experimentation |
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used to gather data regarding naturalphenomena and natural relationships and includes observations and measurements of behaviors |
Description |
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is used to determine and quantifyrelationships between two or more variables by observing different groups either by choice or circumstance are exposed to different treatments |
Comparison |
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both physical and computer-based modelsare built to mimic natural systems and then used to conduct experiments or make observations |
Modelling |
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from specific observations tobroader generalizations and theories |
Inductive reasoning |
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‘bottom-up’ approach |
Inductive reasoning |
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- ends up developing some generalconclusions or theories |
Inductive reasoning |
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work from the more general to themore specific |
Deductive reasoning |
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top-down approach |
Deductive reasoning |
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leads us to test the hypothesis withspecific data – confirmation (or not)of our original theories |
Deductive reasoning |
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What are the outcomes ofthe Scientific method? |
Theory Principle/Law |
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hypothesis or set of hypothesis thathas yet to be disproved in numerousindependent tests and has greatexplanatory power concerning thenatural world.• theory status is very powerful inexplaining a widephenomena |
Theory |
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Theory examples |
Cell Theory Theory of Evolution |
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a theory that haswithstood the test of time and generally considered statements about nature that may explain a large number of diverse observations. |
Principle/Law |
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Principle/Law |
Law of Thermodynamics Newton’s Law of Motion |
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uses organisms to makeproducts needed by people (human insulin made by bacteria) |
Biotechnology |
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provideenergy and materials such as nylon and polyester |
Fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) |
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Limitation of Science |
observations that can't be verifiedcannot count as evidence in scientific inquiry ex. extraterrestrials, etc... in science, evidence from observations and experiments is only convincing if it is repeatable. |
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Characteristics of Life CHEADGRIM |
1. Cellular and Hierarchical Organization 2. Irritability/Excitability/ Interactions 3. Metabolism 4. Reproduction 5. Diversity and Unity 6. Growth and Development 7. Adaptation 8.Evolution or change over time 9. Homeostasis |
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basic unit of LIFE. |
cell |
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Living organisms react and respond appropriately to certain stimulus in their environment by adjusting its metabolism and physiology. |
Irritability/ Excitability |
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Comprises the biochemical reactions oforganisms, and reproduceacquire and use energy to survive, grow |
Metabolism |
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simple substances are synthesized toform complex materials |
ANABOLISM |
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produce peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids |
ANABOLISM |
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metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones + energy |
CATABOLISM |
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Different types of molecules are broken down into end products |
CATABOLISM |
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sugars |
polysaccharides |
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amino acids |
proteins |
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nucleotides |
DNA |
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fatty acids |
lipids |
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process by which the living organisms produce their offsprings |
Reproduction |
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reproduction can happen either |
ASEXUAL or SEXUAL |
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Descibes the characteristic changes that theorganism undergoes from its origin (fertilizationof eggs) to the final adult form |
Growth and development |
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a particular structure, physiology orbehaviour that helps an organism survive and reproduce. |
Adaptation |
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All living things adapt to their environment in order to |
survive. |
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• all living things have descended with modification from ancestral organisms • rate of change may not always be even but may occur in rapid bursts Natural selection or survival of the fittest drives blank. Driven by competition for resources such as food and habitat |
Evolution species change over time by a process of EVOLUTION |
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The tendency of biological systems to maintain a state of equilibrium. |
Homeostasis |
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performed an experiment that could test the humanbody’s ability to withstand heat• concluded that the body has developed a physiological and biochemical mechanisms to maintain its internal physiological environment |
Dr. Charles Blagden of the Royal Society of London |
