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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Degree of an organisms' pathogenicity |
Virulence |
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Are protein filaments that extend like long tails responsible for bacterial movement. |
Flagella |
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Flagella is affixed to the bacteria by a _____ which spans through the entire cell wall and spins around causing the flagella to spin. |
Basal body |
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Movement away or towards a chemical concentration gradient |
Chemotaxis |
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Straight filaments arising form the cell wall. making it look like a porcupine. Its function is mainly for adherence sometimes called (adhesins). |
Pili or fimbrae
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Protective walls that prevents phagocytosis |
Capsule |
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Unique capsule of Bacillus anthracis |
Poly-D-glutamic acid |
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Smooth colonies if S. pneumoniae in agar |
Encapsulated
* Rough. Non-encapsulated |
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This is used to visualize capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. This stain is not taken up the capsule and appears as a transparent halo around the cell |
Indian Ink |
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Bacteria are mixed with antibodies that bind to the capsule then the capsules swell with water. |
Quellung test |
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Antibodies bind to encapsulated bacteria to help neutrophils and macrophage bind to Fc region and eat bacteria protected by their capsules. |
Opsonization |
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These are metabolically dormant forms of bacteria. |
Endospores |
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Multi-layered protective coat of an endospore consist of: |
Cell membrane, Thick peptidoglycan mesh, another cell membrane, a wall-of keratin like protein, and outer layer called exosporium |
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These bacteria inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion, thus escaping the host's deadly hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. |
Facultative intracellular bacteria Includes: Brucella Neisseria meningitis Salmonella Legionella Mycobacterium Francisella Listeria Yersinia |
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Saddam Husein's threatened warfare agent |
Anthrax |
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Bacteremia that causes immune response to the infection
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Sepsis |
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Released by macrophages and neutrophils in response to smimulus due to bacteremia |
Endogenous mediators of sepsis |
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Most famous endogenous mediator of sepsis which triggers the release Interleukin-1 from macrophages and neutrophils. It is also called as cachectin because it causes cachexia in cancer patients |
TNF (tumor necrosis factor) |
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Symptoms of Cachexia |
wasting syndrome (weight loss) |
